Table 1 ERAS protocol applied in the study

1. Preoperative assessment and education

2. Mechanical bowel preparation is not to be used routinely (according to guidelines)

3. Nutritional assessment and enteral nutrition support throughout the day before the surgery

4. Low molecular weight heparin or compression stockings for thromboprophylaxis

5. Preoperative fasting for clear liquids (water, coffee, juice without pulp) limited to 2 h and 6 h for solids

6. Drink 50 g of carbohydrate in at least 400 mL of fluid up to 2 h before the induction of anesthesia

7. Antibiotic prophylaxis given 30–60 min before the first incision

8. Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy

9. Intraoperative warming for the prevention of intraoperative hypothermia

10. Try to put as little intra-abdominal drains as possible

11. Removal of nasogastric tubes immediately after the surgery

12. Restrictive perioperative fluid management after the surgery

13. Remove the catheter 24 h after the surgery

14. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (5-HT3 receptor antagonist + dexamethasone +metoclopramide)

15. A multimodal, opioid-sparing, pain management plan was employed and implemented

16. Early oral feeding (drink water 2 h after the surgery) and soft-food diet on the second postoperative day

17. Early mobilization (sit in a chair at 2 h after the procedure. Out-of-bed activity on the first postoperative day).