Skip to main content

Intussusception after reconstruction following gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Abstract

Background

Gastric cancer is the most prevalent tumor in Chinese men, and surgery is currently the most important treatment. Billroth II and Roux-en-Y are the anastomosis methods used for reconstruction after gastrectomy. Jejunal intussusception is a rare complication after gastric surgery.

Main Body

Intussusception after gastric surgery occurs mostly at the gastrojejunostomy site for Billroth II reconstruction, and the Y-anastomosis site for Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Many studies have reported that postoperative intussusception appears at the anastomosis after bariatric surgery, while a few have reported intussusception at the anastomosis and its distal end after radical gastrectomy.

Conclusion

A review was carried out to analyze intussusception after radical gastrectomy with roux-en-y anastomosis during the current situation. And the relevant mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment methods, etc. are described, hoping to provide better guidance for clinicians

Introduction

Complications after gastric cancer surgery are often concerned by surgeons [1, 2]. Complications such as anastomotic leakage, infection, and postoperative bleeding occur after reconstruction. Intussusception of the bowel is defined as the telescoping of a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract within the lumen of the adjacent segment. Postoperative intussusception in adults is considered to be a relatively rare complication, accounting for less than 5% [3]. Although it only accounts for a small proportion, this has to attract our attention due to its relatively large pain and impact on patients and this review focuses on the rare complications of roux-en-y or BillrothII anastomosis and its distal intussusception after radical gastrectomy. At the same time, we explain the mechanism, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of postoperative intussusception in adults in detail, hoping to provide guidance for clinicians and reduce the adverse effects of intussusception on patients

The purpose of this review is to summarize the practical experience of this postoperative intussusception so that surgeons can make a better clinical judgment when managing patients who develop postoperative intussusception complications. In addition, we hope that our findings will guide future research on this topic.

Intussusception and its related meanings

Intussusception is defined as the extension and retraction of a segment of the gastrointestinal tract in the lumen of an adjacent segment [4]. This condition is common in children and presents with typical crampy abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and a palpable tender mass. However, bowel intussusception in adults is considered a rare condition, accounting for 5% of all cases of intussusceptions and almost 1%-5% of bowel obstruction. Eight to twenty percent of cases are idiopathic, without a lead point lesion .

In children, it is usually primary and benign [5, 6]. In contrast, 90% of adult intussusception cases are secondary to certain pathological conditions, such as cancer, polyps, Merkel's diverticulum, colonic diverticula, strictures, or benign tumors, which are usually found intraoperatively, and less than 10% of adult intussusception occurs after gastric surgery [7,8,9,10].

Mechanism of Intussusception

Intussusception is one of the causes of intestinal obstruction and is usually considered to be a pediatric disease. The main mechanism of intussusception in children is due to uncoordinated peristalsis and spasm of the intestinal canal. After an intestinal spasm, the spastic segment can be pulled by peristalsis into the immediate sphincter of the distal intestinal canal leading to intussusception, while spasm also occurs in the sphincter and forms a vicious cycle, which in turn becomes irreversible intussusception. But intussusception in adults is rare, especially after gastrectomy.

There is no clear mechanism in the previous literature that can explain the occurrence of postoperative intussusception, but the following three theories are currently popular [1]: Long input ends and excessive tissue inversion at the anastomotic site, postoperative adhesions, and stenosis can lead to impaired gastrointestinal function, including intestinal spasm, abnormal peristalsis [2]. Intestinal pacemaker interruption resulting in abnormal peristalsis. During the Roux-en-Y reconstruction, the distal jejunum is separated from the jejunal pacemaker during transection, resulting in decreased pacemaker potential distal to the anastomosis and activation of abnormal pacemakers in the distal jejunum. These ectopic pacemakers generate new pacing potentials that propagate more distally, resulting in delayed and stagnant emptying near the anastomosis [3]. Due to altered intestinal motility with dry and bruised bowel after prolonged and excessive manipulation, extensive preperitoneal separation, abdominal serum electrolyte levels, local hypoxia, anesthetics, and postoperative drug administration [11,12,13,14,15].

It is worth adding that several patients with intussusception in China had nasoenteric feeding tubes [16], and the intussusception was located at the anastomotic openings of the feeding tubes. Hu et al [17] reported seven cases of postoperative intussusception in adults caused by a nasoenteric feeding tube. The possible reason analyzed in this paper was that the feeding tube was pulled by manipulation, resulting in intestinal shrinkage and sleeving on the feeding tube, and the feeding tube was placed too deeply, resulting in the formation of stylet effect in the feeding tube in this segment of the intestinal canal. When there is a combined effect of the inducement of intestinal peristalsis disorder, the feeding tube serves as a support to the intestine, and it can also be a lead point for intussusception. In addition, very low temperatures of the nutrient solution easily promote intestinal spasms, and fast dripping speeds can induce intestinal peristalsis dysfunction. Notably, in bariatric surgery, intussusception after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure increases the risk of stretching and intussusception due to rapid weight loss in addition to the above reasons [18,19,20,21,22].

Risk factors for postoperative intussusception

Some studies suggest that patients who undergo Roux-en-Y and BII anastomosis during surgery are prone to small bowel intussusception. Narasimhan et al. on the other hand concluded that Roux-en-Y anastomosis is more likely to develop postoperative small bowel intussusception than BI and BII anastomosis.

Epidemiological studies [23] have shown that young, female, obese patients are prone to postoperative intussusception. This may be related to different surgical methods and different study populations. In general, relaxation of the mesentery will weaken its supporting and fixation effect on the intestine, which increases the range of motion of the intestine and makes it prone to small bowel intussusception. The mesentery is usually relaxed and thin in patients with a low BMI. Mesenteric relaxation also commonly occurs in patients with a large reduction in body mass within a short period. The existing reports of postoperative small bowel intussusception are mainly from Europe and the United States. Young obese women who undergo bariatric surgery often experience a significant decrease in body weight after surgery [24], so it is concluded that young, female, and obese patients are prone to postoperative intussusception. In China, gastrectomy and gastrointestinal anastomosis are mostly used in digestive system tumor surgery, and patients often have a low preoperative BMI, so they rarely experience a significant decrease in postoperative body mass. In addition, patients with high BMI have relatively thick mesentery and fixed support for the bowel, so they are not prone to postoperative small bowel intussusception [25].

At the same time, according to a study in a domestic hospital in China [25], intussusception on the stapler during surgery is also a risk factor for the development of postoperative intussusception.

Diagnosis of postoperative intussusception

Small bowel intussusception after gastric cancer surgery is a rare complication, postoperative inflammatory adhesions are mostly considered when intestinal obstruction occurs after surgery and its presentation is often atypical. Patients often do not have classical abdominal pain, nausea, bloody stools, abdominal symptoms, and other symptoms. Most patients only present with persistent abdominal pain and nausea. In laboratory tests, inflammatory indicators and infectious indicators are often negative, so early diagnosis of postoperative small bowel intussusception is difficult.

Therefore, it is often misdiagnosed as postoperative "anastomotic edema" and "adhesive intestinal obstruction". Se-Youl Lee et al [11] reported that a 77-year-old woman complained of abdominal pain on the fifth day after radical total gastrectomy, and swallowing imaging studies with water-soluble contrast agents indicated intestinal obstruction. Akira Yoneda et al [26] reported that an 80-year-old woman was transferred to the hospital due to abdominal pain and nausea. She underwent total gastrectomy and reconstruction 14 days earlier and was treated for gastric cancer with a modified BillrothII method. An active mass was palpated in the left lower quadrant, there was tenderness in the upper abdomen, and intussusception was found by exploratory laparotomy. Postoperative intussusception mostly occurs when liquid diet has just been resumed after the operation. At present, the application of auxiliary examination is timely, and intestinal necrosis does not occur. Hence, bloody stools are rare in clinical practice. Therefore, when the symptoms of high intestinal obstruction occur after Roux-en-Y anastomosis after gastrectomy, the possibility of intussusception should be considered. Typical intussusception on abdominal CT shows "kidney sign", "double tube sign" or "target sign", and sometimes pneumatosis intestinalis is seen. Typical intussusception images by B-mode ultrasound show "concentric circle sign", "ring target sign", and "sleeve sign" and Barium meal examination shows cup-shaped filling defect at the site of obstruction, bifurcation sign, line-like sign, parallel double line sign or efferent loop truncation [3, 27,28,29,30]

Manangement of postoperative intussusception

Several studies [13, 31, 32] indicate that postoperative intussusception should be treated with early surgical intervention, early multi-energy manual reduction, or resection and anastomosis when a blood circulation disorder or even necrosis occurs in the intussuscepted bowel (generally, the intussuscepted bowel has no blood circulation disorder). Laparoscopic surgery for simple intussusception has minimally invasive advantages, but intussusception caused by complex causes should be treated according to the situation. It is still controversial whether intestinal resection should be performed after reduction to prevent recurrence, and it is believed that reduction alone? can be performed if there is no intestinal blood circulation disorder, but some scholars prefer intestinal resection [33,34,35].

At present, the main methods to treat postoperative intussusception are digestive endoscopic treatment and surgical treatment

Digestive endoscopy

Reduction using digestive endoscopy has been reported in some previous case reports. The basic procedure includes the reduction of intussusception, as well as the placement of a jejunal feeding tube deep into the input loop [14, 26, 36]. The adhesion between the feeding tube and the intestinal wall can play a fixation role, and then the nutrition through the feeding tube can give the digestive tract enough time to restore normal peristaltic function. However, some reports recommend this operation as a temporary measure before surgical correction [37]. If there is a suspicion of gastrointestinal perforation, anastomotic leakage, and the patient is still in the perioperative period, the risk is high, and the recurrence rate after endoscopic reduction is high, it is therefore not currently used as the first choice of treatment in these patients [38,39,40].

Surgery

The surgical approach to postoperative intussusception, including reduction, resection, removal of the limb, and revision of the anastomosis, depends on intraoperative findings [27, 29, 41,42,43,44,45]. Fixation of the reduced jejunum to adjacent tissues, such as the mesocolon, colon, or stomach, may be considered to prevent recurrence [14, 46]. Seventy percent of chronic small bowel intussusceptions have the possibility of conversion to acute intussusception, and chronic intussusception can present with recurrent attacks without treatment, so once diagnosed, therapeutic measures should be taken as soon as possible. In acute postoperative small bowel intussusception, the risk of surgery, and mortality are closely related to whether surgical treatment can be performed in time. Patients who undergo surgery within 48 hours after the onset of symptoms have a mortality rate of less than 10%, while those who undergo surgery more than 48 hours have a mortality rate as high as 50% [14]. Therefore, if the symptoms are not relieved by strict medical treatment for 48 hours, prompt surgery should be performed to avoid further delaying treatment and prevent adverse consequences. As mentioned above, the surgical treatment of postoperative intussusception should be decided according to the patient's condition. The timing of surgery should be carefully selected. For patients with chronic postoperative small bowel intussusception, or early acute postoperative small bowel intussusception, who have not yet experienced intestinal ischemia or necrosis, the surgical treatment is simple surgical reduction, and the action should be gentle and slowly advanced, so as not to damage the intestinal canal or even possible tumors [47, 48].

If intestinal constriction is discovered during surgery and it is judged that it will be difficult to restore the activity of the intestinal canal, or the intussuscepted intestinal canal cannot be reduced, the necrotic intestinal canal or intussuscepted intestinal canal is removed [49,50,51]

Raj Gopal et al [52] reported a case of retrograde jejunal intussusception discovered? by CT after Billroth II anastomosis after gastrectomy. Emergency exploratory laparotomy, found retrograde intussusception of the distal jejunum, gangrenous intussusception at the jejunojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy. This was also the first report of retrograde intussusception across two anastomoses, after which the surgeon resected the local intestinal segment and the intestinal continuity was restored by two jejunojejunostomy

In a single-center study involving 15,000 patients by Steven C. Simper M.D [53], 35% of patients experienced bowel narrowing and underwent bowel resection. For patients requiring resection of the bowel distant from the anastomosis, continuity is re-established by jejunojejunal end-to-end anastomosis after resection [54,55,56,57], and the intussuscepted bowel should be carefully examined during surgery for new tumors, adhesions, lymphoproliferative Ascaris lumbricoides, lymphadenopathy, and other factors that may affect intussusception [58].

The author's team had a patient who underwent total gastrectomy due to gastric tumor and was reconstructed by the Roux-en-Y method. The patient developed vomiting, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension on the third day after the operation. Empirical abdominal CT was performed. The results showed intussusception. After diagnosis, gastroscopic recovery was attempted. The symptoms were relieved after gastroscopy. However, intussusception recurred on the third day after the operation. Finally, manual reduction was performed and the patient's prognosis was good.

Other treatment modalities

In chronic or postoperative intussusception, medical treatment can be attempted, including intravenous fluids, nasogastric tube aspiration, and endoscopic or barium procedures. In the meantime, it is well documented that glucagon-induced hypotension may promote reduction [14, 59], but this treatment modality is not advocated nowadays because the possibility of recurrence is still quite high.

In China, Li et al. [60] reported a case of distal subtotal gastrectomy due to cancerous gastric antrum. On the third day after Billroth jejunostomy, CT showed efferent loop obstruction. The patient was given correction of hypoproteinemia, and surgical treatment was planned. The patient refused invasive treatment and was monitored for changes in the condition. The nasoenteric tube was removed on the tenth day after the operation, and the patient had no discomfort in eating. CT re-examination of did not show intussusception. In this case, conservative treatment was successful and has not been reported at home and abroad before

After many years of development in the treatment of postoperative intussusception in adults, most of the published literature reports that surgical treatment should be performed [28, 61,62,63,64,65,66]. The summary of the treatment methods for postoperative intussusception in adults is as follows [1]: conservative treatment can be performed first for small bowel intussusception, followed by surgical reduction or resection when ineffective [2] for patients with short onset time, gastroscopic dilatation, inflation therapy, and pushing ring can be tried within 48 hours of onset [3] emergency surgical resection should be performed if there is significant intestinal inflammation, ischemic necrosis, and CT indicates tumor or other induction points [4] other conditions can be surgically manipulated by? reduction [28,29,30, 67]

Prevention of postoperative intussusception

For patients undergoing gastrectomy, it should be noted during the operation that [1] The jejunal feeding tube should not be inserted too close to the anastomosis [2]; the tension should be balanced during jejunal side-to-side anastomosis, and the intestinal canal should not be suspended at an angle [3]; the intraoperative maneuvers should be gentle to minimize the stimulation to the intestinal canal, and the small intestine itself should be carefully examined for pathological changes [4]; when inserting the nasoenteric feeding tube, the intestinal canal should not be forcefully pushed and pulled to send the feeding tube to the distal end, and the other professionals in the operating room should inject normal saline into the feeding tube to dilate and insert the small intestine at the same time, the surgeon cooperates to straighten the feeding tube, prevent bending, and also avoid intestinal shrinkage and overlap [5]; the anastomosis should not be too long, 10 cm-15 cm can be used [68]. The jejunal feeding tube should be properly fixed in the perioperative period; the balloon of the jejunal feeding tube should not be overfilled to reduce the irritation to the small intestinal wall during catheterization. After reconstruction, the patient should get out of bed as early as possible, or they should be in a semi-decubitus position to prevent intra-abdominal adhesions. At the same time, the starting time and speed of feeding through the jejunal feeding tube should be adjusted, which should not be premature. Feeding should be started when the patient has spontaneous peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. The infusion rate of nutrition should be coordinated with the degree of recovery of gastrointestinal function; the jejunal feeding tube should have a sufficient number of side holes, as well as the stimulation of dispersed food to the small intestinal wall. After gastrojejunal reconstruction, the patient should eat small meals and less irritating food [17].

Conclusion

Intussusception after gastrectomy is a rare but challenging condition for surgeons. Postgastrectomy intussusception is usually subacute, and it presents without the specific clinical manifestations associated with intussusception in children, hence, the diagnosis of postgastrectomy intussusception is usually delayed or missed. Abdominal CT is considered to be the most sensitive examination for the diagnosis of intussusception and it can determine the location of intussusception as well as the presence or absence of induction points. The possibility of small bowel intussusception should be considered when patients have persistent abdominal pain after gastrectomy. Early identification by abdominal CT examination can help achieve timely treatment ad avoid missed diagnoses. Surgical intervention is mandatory because mortality rises dramatically after more than 48 hours of intussusception following gastrectomy. Surgical treatment is usually manual reduction. If necrosis of the bowel segment is found, the necrotic bowel segment can be removed locally.

Availability of data and materials

Data sharing is not applicable in this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

CT:

Computed tomography

GI:

gastrointestinal

BMI:

Body Mass Index

References

  1. Johnston FM, Beckman M. Updates on Management of Gastric Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019;21(8):67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors. Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114012.

  3. Marinis A, Yiallourou A, Samanides L, Dafnios N, Anastasopoulos G, Vassiliou I, et al. Intussusception of the bowel in adults: a review. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(4):407–11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Marsicovetere P, Ivatury SJ, White B, Holubar SD. Intestinal Intussusception: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017;30(1):30–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Gluckman S, Karpelowsky J, Webster AC, McGee RG. Management for intussusception in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;6(6):Cd006476.

  6. Jiang J, Jiang B, Parashar U, Nguyen T, Bines J, Patel MM. Childhood intussusception: a literature review. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68482.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Behrens S, Obando J, Blazer DG 3rd. Gastric Intussusception Secondary to Fundic Gland Polyposis. J Gastrointestinal Surg. 2019;23(5):1073–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gómez-Sánchez T, Cerrato Delgado S, Camacho Marente V, Varela Recio J, Pacheco García JM. Intestinal obstruction secondary to jejunal intussusception in an adult. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;44(3):228–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hirata M, Shirakata Y, Yamanaka K. Duodenal intussusception secondary to ampullary adenoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(14):1857–64.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Syed H, Syed L, Parampalli U, Uheba M. Adult intussusception secondary to diverticular disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226678.

  11. Lee SY, Lee JC, Yang DH. Early Postoperative Retrograde Jejunojejunal Intussusception after Total Gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y Esophagojejunostomy: A Case Report. J Gastric Cancer. 2013;13(4):263–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Huang GS, Jin Y. Retrograde jejunal intussusception after total gastrectomy: A case report and literature review. Niger J Clin Pract. 2016;19(3):411–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kawano F, Tashiro K, Nakao H, Fujii Y, Ikeda T, Takeno S, et al. Jejunogastric intussusception after distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;44:105–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Loi CM, Huang SY, Chen YD, Chen SD, Wu JM, Chen KH. Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception: A case report and review of the literature. Asian J Surg. 2017;40(4):309–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhou Y, Wang F, Ji Y, Lv J. A CARE-compliant article: a case of retrograde intussusception with Uncut-Roux-en-Y anastomosis after radical total gastrectomy: Review of the literature. Medicine. 2017;96(48):e8982.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Pan Shenghua, Zhou Maosong, Wang Jin, He Guoqin, Chinese Journal of Surgical Oncology Yang J Prevention and Treatment of Intussusception after Total Gastrectomy for Cardiac Carcinoma 2015(05):307-309.

  17. Hu L, Yin G, Zhang D, Geng Z, Bai J. Tube feeding associated postoperative intussusceptions: A single center case series study. Medicine. 2019;98(44):e17783.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Chys B, Fierens J, Sohier S, Van Krunckelsven L, Dedrye L. Jejuno-Jejunal Intussusception after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Obes Surg. 2020;30(10):4155–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chys B, Fierens J, Sohier S, Van Krunckelsven L, Dedrye L. Correction to: Jejuno-Jejunal Intussusception after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Obes Surg. 2020;30(12):5186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Facchiano E, Soricelli E, Leuratti L, Caputo V, Quartararo G, Lucchese M. Intussusception After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Laparoscopic Management. Obes Surg. 2018;28(7):2145–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar A, Ogbonda S, Persaud P, Shiwalkar N. Retrograde Intussusception after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8825.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Stadsvold B, McKenzie J, Hilton LR, Bolduc A. Retrograde Intussusception after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Am Surg. 2019;85(9):e488–e9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Daellenbach L, Suter M. Jejunojejunal intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a review. Obes Surg. 2011;21(2):253–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Narasimhan V, Ooi G. Jejuno-jejunal intussusception following gastrectomy. ANZ J Surg. 2019;89(5):E206–e7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang Xiaodong, Lu Mingdian, Qi Qiang, Zhang Shangxin, Li Yongxiang. Analysis of risk factors of small bowel intussusception after gastrectomy%. J Anhui Med J. 2020;41(10):1139–42.

  26. Yoneda A, Kamohara Y, Taniguchi K, Maeda J, Akashi A, Inoue K, et al. Retrograde jejuno-jejunal intussusception after total gastrectomy. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2008;2(2):272–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Chang CC, Chen YY, Chen YF, Lin CN, Yen HH, Lou HY. Adult intussusception in Asians: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22(11):1767–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Honjo H, Mike M, Kusanagi H, Kano N. Adult intussusception: a retrospective review. World J Surg. 2015;39(1):134–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Huang BY, Warshauer DM. Adult intussusception: diagnosis and clinical relevance. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003;41(6):1137–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lianos G, Xeropotamos N, Bali C, Baltoggiannis G, Ignatiadou E. Adult bowel intussusception: presentation, location, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. G Chir. 2013;34(9-10):280–3.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Miura Y, Uemura T, Sato K, Abe T, Akada T, Ito S, et al. Antegrade jejunogastric intussusception and common bile duct stones at 14 months after gastrectomy and cholecystectomy: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;39:150–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Kitasato Y, Midorikawa R, Uchino Y, Saku S, Minami T, Shirahama T, et al. A case of retrograde intussusception at Roux-en-Y anastomosis 10 years after total gastrectomy: review of the literature. Surgical Case Reports. 2016;2(1):123.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Kang S, Lee SI, Min BW, Lee TH, Baek SJ, Kwak JM, et al. A multicentre comparative study between laparoscopic and open surgery for intussusception in adults. Colorectal Disease. 2020;22(10):1415–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Shuchleib A, Ma P, Boone K, Higa K. Laparoscopic resection of intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: comparison between the conventional and a simplified approach. Surg Obesity Related Diseases. 2020;16(9):1376–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Siow SL, Goo ZQ, Mahendran HA, Wong CM. Laparoscopic versus open management of adult intussusception. Surg Endosc. 2020;34(10):4429–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim KH, Jang MK, Kim HS, Lee JH, Lee JY, Park JY, et al. Intussusception after gastric surgery. Endoscopy. 2005;37(12):1237–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Guadagni S, Pistoia MA, Catarci M, Carboni F, Pistoia F, Lombardi L, et al. Surgical treatment of retrograde jejunogastric intussusception after temporary endoscopic management. Endoscopy. 1991;23(4):243–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kochhar R, Saxena R, Nagi B, Gupta NM, Mehta SK. Endoscopic management of retrograde jejunogastric intussusception. Gastrointest Endosc. 1988;34(1):56–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Saxena R, Kochhar R, Nagi B, Mehta SK, Gupta NM. Non-surgical treatment of jejunogastric intussusception. Surg Endosc. 1988;2(2):88–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Toth E, Arvidsson S, Thorlacius H. Endoscopic reduction of a jejunogastric intussusception. Endoscopy. 2011;43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E63.

  41. Azar T, Berger DL. Adult intussusception. Ann Surg. 1997;226(2):134–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Barbiera F, Cusmà S, Di Giacomo D, Finazzo M, Lo Casto A, Pardo S. Adult intestinal intussusception: comparison between CT features and surgical findings. Radiol Med. 2001;102(1-2):37–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. de Clerck F, Vanderstraeten E, De Vos M, Van Steenkiste C. Adult intussusception: 10-year experience in two Belgian centres. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2016;79(3):301–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Gupta V, Doley RP, Subramanya Bharathy KG, Yadav TD, Joshi K, Kalra N, et al. Adult intussusception in Northern India. Int J Surg. 2011;9(4):297–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Traoré D, Sissoko F, Ongoïba N, Traoré I, Traoré AK, Koumaré AK. Adult intussusception: diagnostic pitfalls, morbidity and mortality in a developing country. J Visc Surg. 2012;149(3):e211–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Zenooz NA, Holz SP, Robbin MR. Jejunogastric intussusception: a case report with the review of literature. Emerg Radiol. 2007;13(5):265–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen Nian, Liu Huan, Wang Yongheng, Peng Shuwang. Diagnosis and treatment of 43 cases of adult intussusception% J Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases. 2019;8(01):71-3.

  48. Gao Hide, Xing Zhuangjie, Li Runsheng, Zhao Hui, Zheng Xin, Deng Zhihui. Retrograde intussusception of efferent loop after gastrointestinal anastomosis: a report of 4 cases. 2009(02):38-40.

  49. Frederick PL, Sizer JS. ANTEGRADE JEJUNO-JEJUNAL INTUSSUSCEPTION: A RARE COMPLICATION FOLLOWING TOTAL GASTRIC RESECTION. Ann Surg. 1965;161(4):597–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Freeman FJ, Bernatz PE, Brown PW, Jr. Retrograde intussusception after total gastrectomy. Report of a case. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill : 1960). 1966;93(4):586-8.

  51. Yoshiya S, Nakanoko T, Koga T, Inokuchi S, Hirose K, Hirayama Y, et al. Retrograde Jejunojejunal Intussusception After Gastrectomy: Report of Four Cases. Anticancer Res. 2015;35(12):6829–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jang WI, Kim ND, Bae SW, Kim WT, Kwon SO, Yoon KS, et al. Intussusception into the enteroanastomosis after Billroth II gastric resection; diagnosed by gastroscopy. J Korean Med Sci. 1989;4(1):51–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Simper SC, Erzinger JM, McKinlay RD, Smith SC. Retrograde (reverse) jejunal intussusception might not be such a rare problem: a single group's experience of 23 cases. Surg Obesity Related Diseases. 2008;4(2):77–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Denath FM, Kweka EL. Retrograde intussusception of the bypassed duodenojejunal segment after Roux-en-Y gastrectomy: computed tomography findings. Can Assoc Radiologists J. 1991;42(2):135–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gold BM, Meyers MA. Progression of Menetrier's disease with postoperative gastrojejunal intussusception. Gastroenterology. 1977;73(3):583–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Howard DD, DeShazo ME, Richards WO, Rodning CB. Retrograde jejunojejunal intussusception status following Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. Int Surg. 2010;95(2):177–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mason LB, Williams RW, Marshburn ET. Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception following gastrectomy. Arch Surg. 1960;1960(81):485–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Lu T, Chng YM. Adult intussusception. Perm J. 2015;19(1):79–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Marx WJ. Reduction of jejunogastric intussusception during upper gastrointestinal examination. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978;131(2):334–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Li Zhenkai L, Yun SC, Bingyuan Z. Successful conservative treatment of efferent loop intussusception after subtotal gastrectomy: a case report%. J Int J Surg. 2011;07:496–8.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Erkan N, Haciyanli M, Yildirim M, Sayhan H, Vardar E, Polat AF. Intussusception in adults: an unusual and challenging condition for surgeons. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2005;20(5):452–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Furuya Y, Wakahara T, Akimoto H, Long CM, Yanagie H, Yasuhara H. A case of postoperative recurrent intussusception associated with indwelling bowel tube. World J Gastrointestinal Surg. 2010;2(3):85–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Gorospe EC. Adult intussusception presenting with target sign. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2008;8:1154–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Hong KD, Kim J, Ji W, Wexner SD. Adult intussusception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2019;23(4):315–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kim YH, Blake MA, Harisinghani MG, Archer-Arroyo K, Hahn PF, Pitman MB, et al. Adult intestinal intussusception: CT appearances and identification of a causative lead point. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America. Inc. 2006;26(3):733–44.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Sundaram B, Miller CN, Cohan RH, Schipper MJ, Francis IR. Can CT features be used to diagnose surgical adult bowel intussusceptions? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(2):471–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Balogun OS, Olajide TO, Afolayan M, Lawal A, Osinowo AO, Adesanya AA. An appraisal of the presentation and management of adult intussusception at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2019;26(3):169–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Pan S, Maosong Z, Wang J, He G, Yang C. Prevention and treatment of intussusception after total gastrectomy for cardiac cancer% J Chinese. J Surg Oncol. 2015;7(05):307–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Not Applicable

Funding

Not Applicable

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

FX wrote the paper. YZ provided the cases. YZ provided the nuclear medical images and interpretation of the data. ZS provided pathological images and interpretation of the data. JHW reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to You Zou.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not Applicable

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xia, F., Sun, Z., Wu, JH. et al. Intussusception after reconstruction following gastrectomy for gastric cancer. World J Surg Onc 19, 340 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-021-02456-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-021-02456-3

Keywords