Optimal surgical management of unifocal vs. multifocal NF-PNETs: a respective cohort study

Table 3 Determining risk factors of overall survival and recurrent-free survival in patients with NF-PNETs

	Overall survival		Recurrence-free survival
Variables	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	P
Male	1.05 (0.258–4.268)	0.946	1.299 (0.538–3.138)	0.561
(ref: female)	1.05 (0.258–4.268)	0.946	1.299 (0.538–3.138)	0.561
Age over 65	3.235 (0.720–14.543)	0.126	0.812 (0.237–2.785)	0.741
(ref: ≤65)	3.235 (0.720–14.543)	0.126	0.812 (0.237–2.785)	0.741
Hereditary PNETs	0.727(0.087–6.099)	0.77	3.132 (1.133–8.657)	0.028
(ref: sporadic)	0.727(0.087–6.099)	0.77	3.132 (1.133–8.657)	0.028
Minimally invasive approach	1.373 (0.294–6.414)	0.687	0.503 (0.2–1.266)	0.145
(ref: open surgery)	1.373 (0.294–6.414)	0.687	0.503 (0.2–1.266)	0.145
Positive resection margin	1.305 (0.157–10.866)	0.806	1.783 (0.522–6.091)	0.356
(ref: R0)	1.305 (0.157–10.866)	0.806	1.783 (0.522–6.091)	0.356
WHO grade2	2.519 (0.507–12.504)	0.2584	4.032 (1.589–10.233)	0.003
(ref: G1)	2.519 (0.507–12.504)	0.2584	4.032 (1.589–10.233)	0.003
WHO grade3	25.704 (2.426–272.393)	0.007	22.405 (4.661–107.692)	> 0.001
(ref: G1)	25.704 (2.426–272.393)	0.007	22.405 (4.661–107.692)	> 0.001
Multifocal	1.092 (0.131–9.108)	0.935	3.716 (1.425–9.686)	0.007
(ref: unifocal)	1.092 (0.131–9.108)	0.935	3.716 (1.425–9.686)	0.007
Tumor size > 2 cm	3.695 (0.741–18.431)	0.111	4.357 (1.452–13.077)	0.009
(ref: ≤2 cm)	3.695 (0.741–18.431)	0.111	4.357 (1.452–13.077)	0.009
Tumor Burden Score (continuous)	1.085 (0.828–1.422)	0.556	1.232 (1.415–1.072)	0.003
Lymphovascular invasion	3.929 (0.757–20.396)	0.104	4.135 (1.582–10.811)	0.004
Lymph node metastasis	unbounded	–	3.424 (1.239–9.458)	0.018

Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the risk factors for overall survival and recurrent-free survival. HR, PNETs, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; WHO, World Health Organization; G1, grade 1; 95% CI, confidential interval

ISSN: 1477-7819