Variable | Number (%)/median (IQR) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n=77) | OPD (n=57) | LPD (n=20) | P value | ||||
Postoperative pathological examination | |||||||
Tumor differentiation | Â | Â | Â | 0.411 | |||
 Poor | 29 (37.7) | 23 (40.4) | 6 (30.0) |  | |||
 Moderate or well | 48 (62.3) | 34 (59.6) | 14 (70.0) |  | |||
Intravascular tumor thrombus, yes | 35 (45.5) | 29 (50.9) | 6 (30.0) | 0.107 | |||
Perineural invasion, yes | 73 (94.8) | 55 (96.5) | 18 (90.0) | 0.276 | |||
Adjacent tissue invasion, yes | 59 (76.6) | 45 (78.9) | 14 (70.0) | 0.416 | |||
Adjacent organ invasion, yes | 30 (39.0) | 21 (36.8) | 9 (45.0) | 0.520 | |||
Lymph nodes retrieved | 22 (15-29) | 22 (17-29) | 18.5 (13-29) | 0.393 | |||
Lymph node metastasis, yes | 40 (51.9) | 31 (54.4) | 9 (45.0) | 0.470 | |||
R1 margin, yes | 10 (13.0) | 7 (12.3) | 3 (15.0) | 0.756 | |||
AJCC 8th T stage | Â | Â | Â | 0.013 | |||
 1-3 | 52 (67.5) | 34 (59.6) | 18 (90.0) |  | |||
 4 | 25 (32.5) | 23 (40.4) | 2 (10.0) |  | |||
AJCC 8th TNM stage | Â | Â | Â | 0.141 | |||
 I | 25 (32.5) | 15 (26.3) | 10 (50.0) |  | |||
 II | 23 (29.9) | 18 (31.6) | 5 (25.0) |  | |||
 III | 29 (37.7) | 24 (42.1) | 5 (25.0) |  | |||
Postoperative complication | |||||||
Postoperative length of stay, days | 12 (9-16) | 12 (9-17) | 12.5 (9-14.5) | 0.714 | |||
Clavien-Dindo classification | Â | Â | Â | 0.018 | |||
 None | 32 (41.6) | 19 (33.3) | 13 (65.0) |  | |||
 Yes | Grade 1 | 27 (35.1) | 24 (42.1) | 3 (15.0) |  | ||
Grade 2 | 15 (19.5) | 11 (19.3) | 4 (20.0) | Â | |||
Grade ≥ 3 | 3 (3.9) | 3 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) |  | |||
POPF | Â | Â | Â | 0.174 | |||
 None | 47 (61.0) | 32 (56.1) | 15 (75.0) |  | |||
 Yes | Biochemical | 23 (29.9) | 18 (31.6) | 5 (25.0) |  | ||
Grade B | 6 (7.8) | 6 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | Â | |||
Grade C | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | Â | |||
Hemorrhage | Â | Â | Â | 0.177 | |||
 None | 71 (92.2) | 54 (94.7) | 17 (85.0) |  | |||
 Yes | Degree | Mild | 5 (6.5) | 2 (3.5) | 3 (15.0) |  | |
Sever | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | Â | |||
Time | Early | 2 (2.6) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (5.0) | Â | ||
Late | 4 (5.2) | 2 (3.5) | 2 (10.0) | Â | |||
Bile leakage, yes | 3 (3.9) | 2 (3.5) | 1 (5.0) | 1.000 | |||
Delayed gastric emptying, yes | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | |||
Reoperation, yes | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | |||
Death within 90 days, yes | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | |||
Patterns of tumor recurrence (n=50) | |||||||
Time of recurrence | Â | Â | Â | 0.764 | |||
 Early recurrence | 21 (42.0) | 16 (43.2) | 5 (38.5) |  | |||
 Late recurrence | 29 (58.0) | 21 (56.8) | 8 (61.5) |  | |||
Site of recurrence | Â | Â | Â | 0.356 | |||
 Local | 15 (30.0) | 9 (24.3) | 6 (46.2) |  | |||
 Liver | 15 (30.0) | 12 (32.4) | 3 (23.1) |  | |||
 Multiple | 20 (40.0) | 16 (43.2) | 4 (30.8) |  |