Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients

Age (years)

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

58.66 (9.32)

58.00 (33.00–85.00)

57.85 (9.33)

57.00 (33.00–85.00)

61.49 (8.38)

62.00 (42.00–83.00)

59.07 (10.28)

59.00 (38.00–84.00)

 < 0.001

BMI¹ (kg/m²)

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

23.06 (3.71)

22.65 (6.38–68.89)

23.10 (3.91)

22.83 (6.38–68.89)

22.86 (3.11)

22.40 (14.86–31.49)

23.14 (3.27)

22.38 (18.07–32.32)

0.816

PRS (M)

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

28.78 (22.03)

23.75 (0.03–104.97)

30.01 (22.52)

25.05 (0.07–104.97)

25.91 (20.38)

21.00 (0.03–102.40)

24.62 (20.61)

17.82 (2.40–102.80)

0.089

Sex

 < 0.001

 Male

359 (61.05%)

213 (49.88%)

113 (97.41%)

33 (73.33%)

 Female

229 (38.95%)

214 (50.12%)

3 (2.59%)

12 (26.67%)

Surgical mode

 < 0.001

 Lobectomy

508 (86.39%)

367 (85.95%)

101 (87.07%)

40 (88.89%)

 Segmentectomy

6 (1.02%)

6 (1.41%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 Wedge resection

54 (9.18%)

50 (11.71%)

2 (1.72%)

2 (4.44%)

 Total pneumonectomy

20 (3.40%)

4 (0.94%)

13 (11.21%)

3 (6.67%)

Tumor differentiation

 < 0.001

 Unknown

377 (64.12%)

329 (77.05%)

16 (13.79%)

32 (71.11%)

 Medium differentiation

98 (16.67%)

41 (9.60%)

55 (47.41%)

2 (4.44%)

 Low differentiation

98 (16.67%)

48 (11.24%)

44 (37.93%)

6 (13.33%)

 Undifferentiation

10 (1.70%)

4 (0.94%)

1 (0.86%)

5 (11.11%)

 Medium–low differentiation

5 (0.85%)

5 (1.17%)

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

Vascular cancer thrombus

0.820

 Yes

23 (3.91%)

17 (3.98%)

5 (4.31%)

1 (2.22%)

 No

565 (96.09%)

410 (96.02%)

111 (95.69%)

44 (97.78%)

Bronchial stump

0.600

 Yes

38 (6.46%)

25 (5.85%)

9 (7.76%)

4 (8.89%)

 No

550 (93.54%)

402 (94.15%)

107 (92.24%)

41 (91.11%)

Pleural invasion

0.158

 Yes

109 (18.83%)

72 (17.06%)

28 (25.00%)

9 (20.00%)

 No

470 (81.17%)

350 (82.94%)

84 (75.00%)

36 (80.00%)

AJCC¹ 8th ed. stage

0.225

 AICC <  = II stage

308 (52.38%)

233 (54.57%)

54 (46.55%)

21 (46.67%)

 AICC > II stage

280 (47.62%)

194 (45.43%)

62 (53.45%)

24 (53.33%)

Adjuvant chemotherapy

0.019

 Yes

479 (81.46%)

336 (78.69%)

103 (88.79%)

40 (88.89%)

 No

109 (18.54%)

91 (21.31%)

13 (11.21%)

5 (11.11%)

Adjuvant radiation therapy

0.002

 Yes

174 (29.59%)

111 (26.00%)

41 (35.34%)

22 (48.89%)

 No

414 (70.41%)

316 (74.00%)

75 (64.66%)

23 (51.11%)

Postoperative targeted therapy

0.142

 Yes

45 (7.65%)

38 (8.90%)

4 (3.45%)

3 (6.67%)

 No

543 (92.35%)

389 (91.10%)

112 (96.55%)

42 (93.33%)

Two sites

0.935

 Yes

81 (13.78%)

58 (13.58%)

16 (13.79%)

7 (15.56%)

 No

507 (86.22%)

369 (86.42%)

100 (86.21%)

38 (84.44%)

Three or more recurrence sites

0.514

 Yes

64 (10.88%)

46 (10.77%)

15 (12.93%)

3 (6.67%)

 No

524 (89.12%)

381 (89.23%)

101 (87.07%)

42 (93.33%)

Lung recurrence

0.030

 Yes

109 (18.54%)

90 (21.08%)

15 (12.93%)

4 (8.89%)

 No

479 (81.46%)

337 (78.92%)

101 (87.07%)

41 (91.11%)

Brain recurrence

0.012

 Yes

113 (19.22%)

93 (21.78%)

11 (9.48%)

9 (20.00%)

 No

475 (80.78%)

334 (78.22%)

105 (90.52%)

36 (80.00%)

Bone recurrence

0.172

 Yes

79 (13.44%)

56 (13.11%)

13 (11.21%)

10 (22.22%)

 No

509 (86.56%)

371 (86.89%)

103 (88.79%)

35 (77.78%)

Abdominal organs² recurrence

0.023

 Yes

28 (4.76%)

14 (3.28%)

10 (8.62%)

4 (8.89%)

 No

560 (95.24%)

413 (96.72%)

106 (91.38%)

41 (91.11%)

Pleural recurrence

0.479

 Yes

24 (4.08%)

15 (3.51%)

6 (5.17%)

3 (6.67%)

 No

564 (95.92%)

412 (96.49%)

110 (94.83%)

42 (93.33%)

Lymph node⁵ recurrence

 < 0.001

 Yes

81 (13.78%)

46 (10.77%)

30 (25.86%)

5 (11.11%)

 No

507 (86.22%)

381 (89.23%)

86 (74.14%)

40 (88.89%)

Multisite³ recurrence

0.819

 Yes

154 (26.19%)

113 (26.46%)

31 (26.72%)

10 (22.22%)

 No

434 (73.81%)

314 (73.54%)

85 (73.28%)

35 (77.78%)