Table 7 Results of studies reviewed

In Choi C, 2016, Korea [42]

Retrospective study

2010/4–2012/8

R-Y

26

1. R-Y had a longer operation time

2. The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ statistically between the groups

1. At 1-year and 2-year post-surgery, the BII group experienced higher rates of bile reflux and residual gastritis

2. By the 2-year mark, reflux esophagitis was significantly higher in the BII group compared to R-Y

None

None

BII + B

40

Lee MS, 2011, Korea[39]

Prospective study

2006/3–2007/8

BI

49

1. The B-I group had significantly shorter operation times

2. Postoperative complications did not differ significantly among the three groups

At 1-year post-surgery, the R-Y group exhibited significantly lower bile reflux and residual gastritis compared to the other two groups.

At 1-year post-surgery, there was no significant difference in nutritional indicators (BMI, hemoglobin, albumin) among the three groups

At 6 and 12 months after surgery, there was no significant difference in the total GIQLI score and the subscale scores (symptoms, physical, emotional, and social functioning) among the three groups

R-Y

47

BII + B

52

Shishegar A, 2022, Iran [31]

Prospective study

2018/1–2020/1

R-Y

42

1. Operative time and blood loss were higher in the R-Y group compared to the BII group

2. There was no significant difference in early postoperative complications and long-term complications within 1 year between the two groups

At 6 months postoperatively, there was no difference observed in the occurrence of residual gastritis and reflux esophagitis between the two groups

None

None

BII + B

42

Chi F, 2021, China [11]

Retrospective study

2019/1–2020/7

R-Y

51

1. R-Y had a longer operation and anastomosis times compared to BII

2. Surgical safety and postoperative recovery were comparable between the two groups

None

None

None

BII + B

54

Yalikun A, 2022, China [30]

Retrospective study

2016/1–2019/12

R-Y

102

1. The modified BII procedure had shorter anastomosis and operative times compared to R-Y

2. There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of postoperative complications between the two groups

At 6 months and 1 year post-surgery, the modified BII procedure showed no significant difference in the incidence of bile reflux and residual gastritis compared to R-Y

None

None

BII + B

145

Cui L, 2017, Korea [29]

Retrospective study

2023/1–2015/12

R-Y

30

1. R-Y had a longer operation time

2. The two groups showed no significant differences in blood loss, time to first flatus, and postoperative complications

6 months after surgery, there was no significant difference in the incidence of bile reflux or residual gastritis between the two groups

6 months after surgery, there was no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) variations between the two groups

6 months after surgery, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, and reflux) between the two groups

BII + B

26

Park JY, 2014, Korea [40]

Retrospective study

2005/3–2013/10

R-Y

55

1. The operating time was longest in the RY group and shortest in the uncut RY group

2. Blood loss was the lowest in the uncut RY group

3. Postoperative complications and recovery did not differ statistically among the three groups

1 year after surgery, the incidence of bile reflux and residual gastritis was lower in the R-Y and Uncut R-Y groups

1 year after surgery, there was no significant difference in nutritional indicators (BMI, hemoglobin, albumin) among the three groups

None

BII + B

76

BI

39

Uncut R-Y

41

Chan DC, 2007, China [43]

Retrospective study

2002/1–2005/1

R-Y

19

1. RY had less postoperative output from the nasogastric tube

2. Postoperative complications are not statistically different among groups

1. After 1 year, biliary scintigraphy showed less R-Y enterogastric reflux than B2 and BII procedures

2. R-Y had lower bile reflux (15.8%) compared to BII (75.9%) and BII (83.3%), with milder gastritis

3. R-Y group had less Helicobacter pylori infection than others

None

1 year after surgery, symptoms of distal gastrectomy (epigastric pain, heartburn, biliary vomiting, postprandial bloating, and nausea) were evaluated, and the R-Y group experienced the mildest symptoms

BII

29

BII + B

12