Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
Authors | Year | Country | Male/Female | Age(years) | Definition of CAP | Surgical methods | Cough/Non-cough | Incidence rate (%) | Pathology | Operation method | TNM | Risk factor | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dong et al [13] | 2022 | China | 50/48 | - | Cough lasting no less than eight weeks with no obvious abnormalities present on chest X-ray | Lobectomy:69 Sublobectomy:29 | 31/67 | 31.6 | - | VATS/OPEN | I-III | (2) (5) (6) (11) (12) | 6 |
He et al [15] | 2022 | China | 44/36 | 61.98 ± 3.48 | (1) The patients developed cough within 30 days after surgery and lasted for more than 2 weeks; (2) No obvious cough history before surgery; (3) Cough caused by postoperative infection and other medical factors was excluded; (4) The chest CT scan revealed no significant abnormalities in the lung | Lobectomy:31 Others:49 | 20/60 | 25.0 | NSCLC | VATS | I-II | (1) (5) (12) (13) (14) | 8 |
Li et al [16] | 2022 | China | 91/119 | 61.5(28–83) | Persistent dry cough for more than two weeks after surgery, without abnormalities in chest X-ray and blood count and other infection indicators, excluding cough caused by postnasal drip syndrome, bronchial asthma, oral ACEI drugs | Lobectomy:56; Wedge resection:154 | 72/138 | 34.3 | - | VATS | 0-III | (3) (5) (6) (10) | 6 |
Ma et al [17] | 2019 | China | 88/84 | 55.7 ± 11.88 | - | Lobectomy:61 Segmentectomy:36 wedge resection:75 | 55/117 | 32.0 | - | VATS | - | (4) (6) (11) (2) | 6 |
Mu et al [4] | 2017 | China | 319/331 | 59.7 ± 10.9 | (1) No obvious cough history before surgery; (2) The patient developed cough within 30 days after surgery and lasted for more than two weeks; (3) Exclude tumor recurrence; (4) Exclude the cough caused by medical factors | Lobectomy:447 Sublobectomy:203 | 175/475 | 26.9 | - | VATS | - | (2) (5) (6) (8) (12) | 7 |
Yin et al [21] | 2021 | China | 60/36 | - | Postoperative cough lasting no less than eight weeks, persistent cough of unknown cause with dry cough as the main manifestation and no obvious abnormality on chest X-ray requiring medical intervention | Lobectomy:51 Sublobectomy:45 | 48/48 | - | NSCLC | VATS | I-III | (5) (13) (15) | 6 |
Zhang et al [22] | 2022 | China | 71/49 | - | Postoperative cough lasting no less than eight weeks, persistent cough of unknown cause with dry cough as the main manifestation and no obvious abnormalities on chest X-ray requiring medical intervention | Lobectomy:91 Segmentectomy:21 Wedge resection:8 | 67/53 | 55.8 | NSCLC | VATS | I-IV | (1) (12) (13) (15) | 7 |
Qian et al [18] | 2021 | China | 123/135 | - | (1) no obvious cough history before surgery; (2) postoperative cough occurred within 30 days after surgery and lasted no less than two weeks; (3) exclude tumor recurrence; (4) cough caused by postoperative infection and other medical factors was excluded | Lobectomy:45 Segmentectomy:29 Wedge resection:27 | 101/157 | 39.1 | NSCLC | VATS | - | (3) (12) | 7 |
Gao et al [14] | 2022 | China | 71/57 | 63.2 ± 8.1 | - | Segmentectomy | 46/82 | 35.9 | NSCLC | VATS | - | (1) (6) (12) (16) (17) | 6 |
Wu et al [19] | 2020 | China | 63/65 | 60.82 ± 9.89 | Postoperative cough lasting no less than 8 weeks, persistent cough of unknown cause with dry cough as the main manifestation and no obvious abnormalities on chest X-ray requiring medical intervention | Lobectomy:88 Segmentectomy:18 Wedge resection:26 | 61/67 | 47.7 | NSCLC | VATS/RATS | I-III | (5) (8) (13) (15) | 6 |
Xin et al [20] | 2021 | China | 279/291 | 57.7 ± 8.95 | (1) No obvious cough history before surgery; (2) Exclude cough caused by internal diseases and oral drugs; (3) To exclude tumor recurrence in trachea or other sites; (4) Postoperative cough lasted for more than 2 weeks; (5) Postoperative imaging examination showed no abnormalities | Lobectomy | 163/407 | 28.6 | - | VATS | I-IV | (1) (2) (4) (6) (7) (8) (16) | 7 |
Gu et al [8] | 2022 | China | 79/62 | - | Dry cough lasting no less than two weeks following pneumonectomy with no obvious abnormality present in a chest x-ray | Lobectomy:77 Sublobectomy:64 | 31/110 | 22.0 | NSCLC | VATS | I | (1) (2) (4) | 7 |
Lin et al [9] | 2018 | China | 99/99 | 58.33 ± 9.69 | - | Lobectomy:66 Sublobectomy:132 | 91/107 | 46.0 | NSCLC | VATS | I-III | (1) (2) (3) (5) (7) | 6 |
Lu et al [10] | 2022 | China | 66/46 | 61.2 ± 9.8 | (1) New-onset dry cough after lung resection, (2) Clear etiology with postnasal drip syndrome (PNDS) being excluded, (3) Cough lasting more than three weeks after surgery, (4) Normal blood tests and chest radiographs | Lobectomy | 41/71 | 36.6 | NSCLC | VATS/OPEN | - | (6) | 7 |
Mu et al [3] | 2022 | China | 445/456 | 58 (50–66) | (1) Cough occurring within two weeks after pulmonary resection; (2) Cough duration of no less than two weeks; and (3) Cough not caused by tumor recurrence or medical disease | Sublobectomy:435 Lobectomy or greater:466 | 190/711 | 21.1 | - | VATS | - | (3) (6) (8) (18) | 7 |
Pan et al [2] | 2020 | China | 58/77 | - | Dry cough that lasts no less than two weeks after pulmonary resection, except for nasal drip syndrome, bronchial asthma, or oral ACEI drugs, the chest X-ray revealed no apparent abnormalities | Lobectomy:55 Segmentectomy:12 Wedge resection:68 | 33/102 | 24.4 | - | VATS | I-III | (1) (5) (7) (9) | 7 |
Sawabata et al [11] | 2005 | Japan | 38/32 | 64.7 ± 10.6 | Nonproductive coughing that occurred more than two weeks after the operation with stable chest roentgenogram results, with no evidence of PNDS, asthma, or ACEI administration | Excision or segmentectomy:15 Lobectomy or greater:55 | 35/35 | 50.0 | - | VATS/OPEN | - | (9) (18) | 7 |
Wu et al [7] | 2022 | China | 365/152 | - | - | Lobectomy:293 Segmentectomy:143 wedge resection:81 | 207/310 | 40.0 | - | VATS | - | (10) (14) | 7 |
Xie et al [12] | 2019 | China | 97/74 | 65(43–75) | A cough that lasts for more than eight weeks, primarily manifests as cough symptoms, has no abnormalities on X-ray, is not affected by conventional treatment, and has an unknown etiology | Lobectomy | 68/103 | 39.8 | NSCLC | VATS/OPEN | I-III | (2) (3) (6) (8) (17) | 7 |