Table 1 Preoperative characteristics of CRC patients classified by 5-mFI score

Age (years)

 60–79

218

128 (78.0%)

65 (71.4%)

25 (56.8%)

0.022*

  ≥ 80

81

36 (22.0%)

26 (28.6%)

19 (43.2%)

Sex

 Male

172

88 (54.3%)

57 (62.6%)

27 (61.4%)

0.325

 Female

127

76 (45.7%)

34 (37.4%)

17 (38.6%)

5-mFI variables

 History of CHF

64

13 (7.9%)

26 (28.6%)

25 (56.8%)

 < 0.001*

 Hypertension

149

53 (32.3%)

61 (67.0%)

35 (79.5%)

 < 0.001*

 History of COPD

20

9 (5.5%)

7 (7.7%)

4 (9.1%)

0.634

 Diabetes

90

17 (10.4%)

43 (47.3%)

30 (68.2%)

 < 0.001*

 Partial or total dependence

79

19 (11.6%)

33 (36.3%)

27 (61.4%)

 < 0.001*

Comorbidities

 < 0.001*

 None

56

55 (33.5%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.3%)

 One or more

243

109 (66.5%)

91 (100%)

43 (97.7%)

ASA-PS class

 < 0.001*

 1

83

80 (48.8%)

2 (2.2%)

1 (2.3%)

  ≥ 2

216

84 (51.2%)

89 (97.8%)

43 (97.7%)

BMI (kg/m²)

0.166

  < 25

233

133 (81.1%)

70 (76.9%)

30 (68.2%)

  ≥ 25

66

31 (18.9%)

21 (23.1%)

14 (31.8%)

PNI

0.340

  < 40

85

41 (25%)

29 (31.9%)

15 (34.1%)

  ≥ 40

214

123 (75%)

62 (68.1%)

29 (65.9%)

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

0.367

  < 11

124

63 (38.4%)

39 (42.9%)

22 (50.0%)

  ≥ 11

175

101 (61.6%)

52 (57.1%)

22 (50.0%)

Albumin (g/dl)

0.351

  < 3.5

98

48 (29.3%)

33 (36.3%)

17 (38.6%)

  ≥ 3.5

201

116 (70.7%)

58 (63.7%)

27 (61.4%)

CEA (ng/ml)

0.086

  < 5

173

96 (58.5%)

57 (62.6%)

20 (45.5%)

  ≥ 5

126

68 (41.5%)

34 (37.4%)

24 (54.5%)

Dysphagia before surgery

0.8603

 Positive

4

2 (1.2%)

1 (1.1%)

1 (2.3%)

 Negative

295

162 (98.8%)

90 (98.9%)

43 (97.7%)