Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Andreou 2021 [9]

2012–2019

Switzerland

AR

13

9(69.2%)

61(30–79)

9/4

N/A

N/A

9(100%)

N/A

OS, RFS

55

8

PSR

79

51(64.6%)

62(36–84)

59/20

N/A

N/A

45(57%)

N/A

Dam 2014 [25]

1991–2010

The Netherlands

AR

129

67(51.9%)

64(24–82)

79/50

4(1–12)

3.0(0.0–20.0)

N/A

N/A

OS, DFS

33(0–235)

8

PSR

169

110(65.1%)

64(28–88)

98/71

1(1–3)

3.0(0.4–13.0)

N/A

N/A

DeMatteo 2000 [17]

2001–2013

Italy

AR

148

88(59%)

 < 70:110(74%);

 > 70:38(26%)

110/38

 > 1:30(20%)

 ≥ 5 cm:48(32%)

N/A

 < 200:101(92%);

 ≥ 200:9(8%)

OS

25(1–140)

7

PSR

119

67(56%)

 < 70:83(70%);

 > 70:36(30%)

96/33

 > 1:23(19%)

 ≥ 5 cm:19(16%)

N/A

 < 200:84(90%);

 ≥ 200:9(10%)

Donadon 2018 [31]

2001–2013

Italy

AR

110

67(60%)

63.8 ± 10.2

N/A

3.5 ± 2.6

4.9 ± 2.5

44(40%)

N/A

OS, DFS

33(1–83)

8

PSR

110

74(67%)

61.9 ± 11.0

N/A

3.7 ± 3.3

4.5 ± 2.5

43(39%)

N/A

Finch 2007 [21]

1993–2003

UK

AR

280

171(61%)

63(26–84)

N/A

2(1–14)

4.5(0.7–20)

117(41.8%)

18 ng/dl(1–37,140)

OS, DFS

33(24–144)

7

PSR

96

64(67%)

63(24–79)

N/A

1(1–9)

3.3(0.4–15)

36(38%)

5 ng/dl(1–12,124)

Guzzetti 2008 [22]

1996–2005

Italy

AR

102

58(56.8%)

 < 70:78(76.4%);

 > 70: 24(23.6%)

55/21

Single 59(61.4%); Multiple 37(38.6%)

 > 5 cm:31(32.3)

N/A

 < 200:52(89.6);

 ≥ 200:6(10.4)

OS, DFS

N/A

8

PSR

106

63(59.5%)

 < 70: 77(72.6%);

 > 70: 29(27.4%)

60/31

Single 67(64.4%); Multiple 37(35.6%)

 > 5 cm:21(20.8)

N/A

 < 200:51(86.4);

 ≥ 200:8(13.6)

Hosokawa 2017 [29]

2000–2015

France

AR

242

141(58%)

64.0 ± 10.0

158/84

N/A

2.04 ± 0.8

121(50%)

159.7 ± 1,347.6

OS, RFS

41

8

PSR

1478

888(60%)

64.1 ± 11.0

980/498

N/A

1.93 ± 0.76

721(49%)

65.7 ± 303.0

Joechle 2020 [34]

2006–2016

USA

AR

105

69(65.7%)

54(29–82)

72/33

1(1–9)

2.0(0.16–5.3)

75(71%)

N/A

OS, RFS, liver-RFS

43.1

7

PSR

105

71(67.6%)

56(26–79)

82/23

1(1–8)

1.8(0.1–5.8)

81(77%)

N/A

Kokudo 2001 [18]

1980–1999

Japan

AR

96

54(56.3%)

58.7 ± 1.0

71/25

Single:54(56.3%);

 ≥ 3:20(20.8%)

5.81 ± 0.4

46(47.9%)

N/A

OS

N/A

7

PSR

78

46(59%)

60.3 ± 1.2

49/29

Single:42(53.8%);

 ≥ 3:19(24.4%)

2.69 ± 0.16

56(71.8%)

N/A

Lalmahomed 2011 [24]

2000–2008

Netherlands

AR

88

56(64%)

65(30–82)

55/33

2(1–7)

4(1–15)

35(40%)

 > 200:10(12%)

OS, DFS

35(1–111)

8

PSR

113

70(62%)

65(36–86)

59/54

1(1–7)

3(1–7)

43(38%)

 > 200:6(5%)

Lordan 2017 [30]

2000–2010

UK

AR

238

130(54.6%)

64.8(24–86)

N/A

Single:161(67.7%); Mutiple:76(31.9%)

3.2(0.4–20)

14 (5.9)

N/A

OS, DFS

36(0.12–144)

8

PSR

238

135(56.7%)

65.7(31–87)

N/A

Single:153(64.3%); Mutiple:85(35.7%)

3.1(0.5–14)

15 (6.3)

N/A

Matsuki 2016 [26]

2005–2013

Japan

AR

23

17(74%)

62(29–84)

15/8

5(1–17)

2.0(0.5–3)

13(57)

4.9(0.6–230)

OS, RFS, Liver-RFS

40(5–81)

8

PSR

40

25(63%)

64(40–81)

26/14

4(1–27)

1.8(0.5–3)

18(45)

4.2(0.5–117)

Matsumura 2016 [27]

1999–2012

Japan

AR

32

22(68.8)

62.5(27–80)

22/10

7(4–31)

3.0(0.8–5)

N/A

9.35(0.6–975)

OS, RFS, Liver-RFS

N/A

7

PSR

113

74(65.5)

60(40–81)

65/48

6(4–33)

2.5(0.4–5)

N/A

7(0.5–3097)

Memeo 2016 [28]

2006–2013

France

AR

266

145(55%)

61(29–82)

189/77

4(3–15)

3.3(0.6–20)

127(48%)

N/A

OS, DFS

N/A

8

PSR

266

146(55%)

62.4(40–80)

194/72

4(3–9)

3.5(0.6–11)

134(50%)

N/A

Mise 2016 [8]

1993–2013

Houston

AR

144

80(56%)

58(22–87)

105/39

N/A

1.9(0.3–3.0)

17(12%)

2.9(0.4–250.3)

OS, RFS, Liver-RFS

37(2—208)

8

PSR

156

94(61%)

60(30–88)

113/43

N/A

1.5(0.4–3.0)

50(32%)

2.5(0.4–430.9)

Okumura 2019 [10]

2004–2017

France

AR

82

51(62.2%)

64(43–85)

55/27

2(1–8)

2.8(0.5–13)

50(61%)

N/A

OS, RFS, Liver-RFS

33.9(6–120)

8

PSR

82

50(61%)

65(33–83)

48/34

2(1–7)

2.5(0.5–15)

45(54.9%)

N/A

Pandanaboyana 2018 [32]

1993–2011

UK

AR

582

N/A

 < 65:282(48.5%);

 > 65:300(51.5%)

N/A

2

4.5(3–7)

294(50.5%)

N/A

OS, DFS

32.2(17.5–56.9)

8

PSR

409

N/A

 < 65:175(42.8%);

 > 65:234(57.2%)

N/A

2

2.7(2–4)

228(55.7%)

N/A

Sarpel 2009 [23]

1987–2007

USA

AR

94

54(57%)

60.8 ± 10.4

60/10

1.7 ± 1.2

6.6 ± 4.7

8(8%)

N/A

OS, DFS

34

8

PSR

89

51(57%)

62.3 ± 11.6

59/12

1.4 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 2.3

8(9%)

N/A

She 2020 [35]

1990–2017

China

AR

70

38(54.3%)

61.0(29–85)

N/A

1(1–7)

2.45(1.0–11.0)

38(55.1%)

8.8(0.7–802)

OS, DFS

39.8(2.9–183.9)

8

PSR

70

47(67.1%)

61.0(31–85)

N/A

1(1–multiple)

2.5(0.9–11.0)

27(38.6%)

8.85(1–526)

Spelt 2018 [33]

2006–2014

Sweden

AR

60

39(65%)

65(61–69)

N/A

3(2–5)

2.65(1.7–4.0)

38(64.4%)

5(3–18)

OS

35

7

PSR

59

35(59.3%)

69(63–76)

N/A

2(2–4)

2.2(1.5–3.0)

29(51.8%)

5(3–17)

Stewart 2004 [19]

1988–2001

UK

AR

69

N/A

62(23–79)

N/A

1–3:65(97%);

 > 3:2/67(3%)

 < 5 cm:14(23.3%);

 > 5 cm:46(76.7%)

N/A

625U/l(14–308,040)

OS

N/A

7

PSR

27

N/A

64(28–82)

N/A

1–3:22(91.7%);

 > 3:2(8.3%)

 < 5 cm:14(77.7%);

 > 5 cm:4(22.3%)

N/A

105U/l(1–2662)

Zorzi 2006 [20]

1991–2004

Italy

AR

181

113(62.4%)

 < 65:120(66.3%);

 > 65:61(33.7%)

113/46

Single:99(54.7%); Multiple:82(45.3%)

3(0.3–18)

73(40.3%)

 < 200:160(88.4%);

 > 200:7(3.9%)

OS

25

7

PSR

72

46(64%)

 < 65:44(61%);

 > 65:28(39%)

42/17

Single:45(62.5%); Multiple:27(37.5%)

2.1(0.5–6)

25(34.7%)

 < 200:63(87.5%);

 > 200:1(1.4%)