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Table 2 Surgical methods and surgical wound location related to nipple areolar complex or sensation test

From: Factors associated with alteration of nipple or skin sensation and impact of duration of time following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM): an analysis of 460 cases with comparison of conventional versus endoscopic- or robotic-assisted NSM

Sensation

Surgical methods

p-value

All (n = 460)

C-NSM (n = 174)

E-NSM (n = 195)

R-NSM (n = 91)

Nipple sensation

    

0.06

 0

15 (3.3)

7 (4.0)

5 (2.6)

3 (3.3)

 

 1

83 (18.2)

22 (12.7)

41 (21.0)

20 (22.0)

 

 2

229 (49.7)

82 (47.1)

97 (49.7)

50 (66.0)

 

 3

133 (28.9)

63 (36.2)

52 (26.7)

18 (19.7)

 

Follow-up time (time since surgery), month

42.4 ± 32.5

45.6 ± 34#

44.7 ± 35.8#

31.8 ± 16

< 0.01

NAC sensation average value

Mean, SD 2.1 ± 0.7

 

Surgical wound location

p-value

Sensation

Upper outer (radial + other) (n = 71)

Peri-areolar (n = 156)

Single axillary or lateral chest (n = 215)

Inframammary fold (n = 18)

Nipple sensation

    

0.04

 0

2 (2.8)

5 (3.2)

8 (3.7)

0

 

 1

16 (22.5)

22 (14.1)

45 (20.9)

0

 

 2

36 (50.7)

69 (44.2)

112 (52.1)

12 (66.7)

 

 3

17 (23.9)

60 (38.5)

50 (23.3)

6 (33.3)

 

Follow-up time (time since surgery), month

54.6 ± 32.7*

54.2 ± 37.8*

29.63 ± 20.6

44.8 ± 43.6

0.01

Sensation

Surgical methods

p-value

Skin sensation

All (n = 460)

C-NSM (n = 174)

E-NSM (n = 195)

R-NSM (n = 91)

Upper breast

    

0.17

 0

17 (3.7)

5 (2.9)

8 (4.1)

4 (4.4)

 

 1

68 (14.8)

22 (12.6)

30 (15.4)

16 (17.6)

 

 2

217 (47.2)

73 (42.0)

97 (49.7)

47 (51.6)

 

 3

158 (34.6)

74 (42.5)

60 (30.8)

24 (26.4)

 

Mean, SD

2.1 ± 0.8

Lateral breast

    

0.05

 0

22 (4.5)

5 (2.9)

11 (5.6)

6 (6.6)

 

 1

77 (16.7)

25 (14.4)

30 (15.4)

22 (24.2)

 

 2

219 (47.6)

78 (44.8)

97 (49.8)

44 (48.4)

 

 3

142 (30.9)

66 (37.9)

57 (29.2)

19 (20.9)

 

Mean, SD

2 ± 0.8

Inferior breast

    

0.21

 0

18 (3.9)

6 (3.5)

10 (5.1)

2 (2.2)

 

 1

59 (12.9)

20 (11.5)

25 (12.8)

14 (15.4)

 

 2

215 (46.7)

72 (41.4)

95 (48.7)

48 (52.7)

 

 3

168 (36.5)

76 (43.6)

65 (33.3)

27 (29.7)

 

Mean, SD

2.1 ± 0.8

Medial breast

    

0.62

 0

15 (3.3)

6 (3.5)

6 (3.1)

3 (3.3)

 

 1

55 (12)

20 (11.5)

22 (11.3)

13 (14.3)

 

 2

214 (46.5)

72 (41.4)

98 (50.2)

44 (48.3)

 

 3

176 (38.2)

76 (43.)

69 (35.4)

31 (34.1)

 

Mean, SD

2.1 ± 0.8

Skin sensation average value

Mean, SD 2.1 ± 0.7

  1. NSM nipple-sparing mastectomy, C-NSM conventional NSM, E-NSM endoscopic-assisted NSM, R-NSM robotic-assisted NSM, SD standard deviation, NAC nipple areolar complex. #The “time since surgery to last evaluation” was not significantly different in the C-NSM group (45.6 ± 34 months) as compared to E-NSM group (44.7 ± 35.8 months, P = 0.79). *The “time since surgery to last evaluation” was not significantly different in the upper outer (radial) incision (54.6 ± 32.7 months) as compared to peri-areolar incision (54.2 ± 37.8, P > 0.05)
  2. #The “time since surgery to last evaluation” was not significantly different in the C-NSM group (45.6 ± 34 months) as compared to E-NSM group (44.7 ± 35.8 months, P = 0.79). *The “time since surgery to last evaluation” was not significantly different in the upper outer (radial) incision (54.6 ± 32.7 months) as compared to peri-areolar incision (54.2 ± 37.8, P > 0.05)
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World Journal of Surgical Oncology

ISSN: 1477-7819

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