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Fig. 3 | World Journal of Surgical Oncology

Fig. 3

From: Factors associated with alteration of nipple or skin sensation and impact of duration of time following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM): an analysis of 460 cases with comparison of conventional versus endoscopic- or robotic-assisted NSM

Fig. 3

Operation methods and skin incision types. Common skin incisions used in the current study were upper-outer-oblique (radial), peri-areolar, single axillary, or lateral chest incisions. Operation methods for NSM used in the current study included conventional NSM (C-NSM), endoscopic-assisted NSM (E-NSM), or robotic-assisted NSM (R-NSM). C-NSM is usually performed by upper outer oblique (radial) incision or sometimes peri-areolar incision. Some E-NSM patients received dual-axillary-areolar incisions (categorized as peri-areolar incision) or single axillary or lateral chest incisions. R-NSM usually adopts a single axillary incision or lateral chest incision

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World Journal of Surgical Oncology

ISSN: 1477-7819

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