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Table 1 Basic data and therapeutic effect of individual study

From: Metformin increases pathological responses to rectal cancers with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/year

Country/included period

Patients(DM+/MF+) (DM+/MF−) (DM−/MF−)

Sex (male, %)

Age

BMI

HbA1c

Pre-CRT CEA

TRG (0–1)c, (%)

pCR (%)

Nos

Mean ± SD, median [Q1–Q3], or median (range)

Han (2021)

218a

     

73 (33.3)

36 (16.5)

9

Korea

30DM+/MF−

24 (80.0)

64.6 ± 8.7

23.6 [21.9–25.1]

6.7 [6.3–7.2]

3.5 [2.8–8.4]

20 (66.7)

10 (33.3)

 

2010–2017

32DM+/MF−

30 (93.8)

61.8 ± 10.9

23.2 [20.9–25.9]

6.8 [5.8–7.9]

2.3 [1.9–3.8]

12 (37.5)

6 (18.8)

 

156DM−/MF−

114 (73.1)

62.1 ± 11.8

23.2 [21.2–25.0]

5.3 [5.0–5.8]

2.8 [1.9–4.1]

41 (26.7)

20 (12.8)

 

Planellas (2021)

423

 

 ≥ 70 (%)

 ≥ 30 (%)

    

6

Spain

59DM+/MF+

56 (94.9)

29 (49.2)

18 (30.5)

 

3 [2–4]

 

4 (6.8)

 

2010–2020

15DM+/MF−

      

4 (26.7)

 

349DM−/MF−

240 (65.9)b

134 (36.8)b

74 (20.3)b

 

3 [2–5]b

 

75 (21.5)

 

Shama (2021)

50

      

14 (28.0)

8

Egypt

25DM+/MF+

21 (84.0)

58 (41–75)

32.4 (17–46)

5.7 (5–6.2)

1.9 (1.3–7.2)

 

11 (44.0)

 

2018–2020

25DM+/MF−

15 (60.0)

52.7 (39–77)

28.3 (17–42)

5.9 (5.2–7.1)

1.7 (1.1–7.6)

 

3 (12.0)

 

Kim (2020)

221

    

 > 5 (%)

82 (37.1)

30 (13.6)

8

Korea

62DM+/MF+

64(77.4)

63.1 [60.6–65.6]

23.8 ± 3.3

7.4 (7.0–7.7)

17 (51.5)

31 (50.0)

14 (22.3)

 

2000–2017

42DM+/MF−

27 (64.3)

63.4 [60.5–66.4]

23.8 ± 3.9

7.7 (7.2–8.2)

12 (44.4)

8 (19.0)

3 (7.1)

 

117DM−/MF−

80 (68.4)

60.2 [57.0–62.5]

23.3 ± 3.3

NA

43 (36.8)

43 (36.8)

13 (11.1)

 

Oh (2016)

543

     

235 (43.2)

91 (19.3)

9

Korea

42DM+/MF+

27 (64.3)

62.5 (45–78)

25.0 (19.8–32.6)

6.9 (6.0–9.5)

3.4 (0.5–43.5)

26 (61.9)

11 (26.2)

 

2007–2011

29DM+/MF−

24 (82.8)

65.0 (46–80)

24.1 (16.5–35.3)

6.7 (5.5–9.5)

3.4 (0.9–35.4)

10 (34.5)

6 (20.7)

 

472DM−/MF−

312 (66.1)

54.0 (24–79)

23.6 (13.8–32.9)

NA

2.6 (0.2–813.0)

199 (42.2)

74 (15.7)

 

Oh’ (2016)

319

     

163 (51.1)

69 (21.6)

9

Korea

31DM+/MF+

     

23 (74.2)

6 (19.4)

 

2012–2014

16DM+/MF−

     

7 (43.8)

2 (12.5)

 

272DM−/MF−

     

133 (48.9)

61 (22.4)

 

Skinner (2013)

482

       

7

USA

20DM+/MF+

16 (80.0)

62 (43–74)

31 (22–48)

NA

2.7 (0.5–108)

 

7 (35.0)

 

1996–2009

40DM+/MF−

29 (72.5)

63.4 (37–76)

31 (21–47)

NA

3.6 (0.5–30.2)

 

3 (7.5)

 

422DM−/MF−

263 (62.3)

57 (19–84)

27 (17–70)

NA

2.15 (0.4–185)

 

70 (16.6)

 

Garrett (2012)

38

       

6

USA

19DM+/MF+

     

14 (73.7)

  

2004–2008

19DM+/MF−

     

9 (47.4)

  
  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CRT chemoradiotherapy, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, DM diabetes mellitus, MF metformin, NOS Newcastle–Ottawa scale, TRG tumor regression grade, pCR pathological complete response (remission). The bold number means p-value < 0.05
  2. aThis extracted data excluded 14 patients with DM and started metformin treatment from CCRT initiated
  3. bThe basic data which was calculated with the 349DM−/MF− group and 15DM+/MF− group
  4. cThe TRG used in this study referenced the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition. 0 means complete response (no remaining viable cancer cells), 1 means moderate response (only small clusters or single cancer cells remaining), 2 means minimal response (predominant fibrosis with residual cancer remaining), 3 means poor response (minimal or no tumor was killed or progressive cancer with extensive invasion)
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World Journal of Surgical Oncology

ISSN: 1477-7819

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