Table 1 Basic information of included studies
References | Country | Study design | Sample size (no drain: drain) | Study interval | Sex (M/F) | Age, year | Neoadjuvant therapy (%) | Surgical approach | Gastrectomy extent | Combined organ resection | Surgical margin | Lymphadene ctomy | TNM stage | Drainage removal | Drain-related complications (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim, 2004 [20] | Korea | RCT | 170 (84:86) | 2001–2001 | 116/52 | NA | NA | NA | STG; TG | Yes | R0 | D2/D2 +  | I–IV | Drainage was less than 100 ml | NA |
Alvarez Uslar, 2005 [17] | Chile | RCT | 60 (32:29) | 2000–2003 | 43/17 | 61 (range 36–79) | NA | NA | TG | Yes | Any R | D2 | NA | Usually 8 days after surgery | NA |
Kumar, 2007 [30] | Nepal | Observational | 108 (52:56) | 2001–2005 | 69/39 | 55.6 ± 15.7 | NA | NA | STG | No | Any R | D1/D2 | I–IV | Drainage was clear and less than 50 ml | 7.1 |
Jiang, 2008 [19] | China | RCT | 100 (51:49) | 2005–2006 | 59/41 | NA | 0 | NA | DG; PG; TG | No | R0 | D2 | I–III | Drainage was clear and less than 100 ml | 2.0 |
Li, 2008 [32] | China | Observational | 67 (35:32) | 2003–2007 | 53/14 | 62.0 ± 11.0 | NA | NA | DG | NA | R0 | D1/D2 | NA | NA | 9.4 |
Zhang, 2009 [37] | China | Observational | 311 (66:245) | 2007–2008 | 233/78 | 58.9 ± 11.8 | NA | NA | DG; PG; TG | NA | R0 | D1/D2 | I–IV | 8.3 ± 2.2 day | NA |
Zhang, 2010 [23] | China | RCT | 67 (35:32) | NA | 53/14 | 61.6 ± 11.1 | NA | NA | DG | NA | R0 | D1/D2 | NA | NA | 9.4 |
Chen, 2011 [18] | China | RCT | 130 (65:65) | 2009–2011 | 43/22 | 62.1 ± 3.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | R0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Fu, 2011 [27] | China | Observational | 117 (13:104) | 2009–2010 | 86/31 | 57.8 ± 10.9 | 0 | NA | DG; PG | NA | R0 | D1/D2 | I–III | NA | NA |
Ishikawa, 2011 [29] | Japan | Observational | 21 (11:10) | 2004–2008 | 15/6 | NA | NA | Laparoscopic | DG | No | NA | D1 + a | NA | Usually 4 or 5 days after surgery | NA |
Song, 2011 [22] | China | RCT | 148 (74:74) | 2006–2009 | 117/31 |  < 75 | 0 | NA | DG; PG; TG | NA | R0 | D2 | I–IV | NA | NA |
Cai, 2013 [25] | China | Observational | 250 (40:210) | 2005–2011 | 155/95 | 58.9 ± 11.8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Dann, 2015 [26] | USA | Observational | 344 (91:253) | 2000–2012 | 200/144 | 65 (range 24–92) | 30.0 | Open/laparoscopic | TG | Yes | R0/1 | D0–D3 | I–III | NA | NA |
Hirahara, 2015 [28] | Japan | Observational | 78 (33:45) | 2011–2014 | 51/27 | NA | NA | Laparoscopic | DG | NA | R0 | D1 + /D2 | I–III | NA | NA |
Lee, 2015 [31] | Korea | Observational | 1989 (740:1249) | 2012–2013 | 1266/723 | NA | 0 | Open/laparoscopic/robotic | STG; TG | Yes | R0 | D1 + /D2 | I–III | NA | NA |
Schots, 2018 [35] | Netherlands | Observational | 107 (40:67) | 2013–2017 | 62/45 | NA | 66.4 | Open/laparoscopic | DG; TG | No | R0 | D2 | NA | Drainage was clear and less than 150 ml | 1.5 |
Akira, 2019 [24] | Japan | Observational | 94 (65:29) | 2007–2014 | 62/32 | 70 | NA | Laparoscopic | TG | NA | NA | D1/D1 + /D2 | I–III | Drainage was less than 100 ml | NA |
Shimoike, 2019 [36] | Japan | Observational | 290 (145:145) | 2011–2017 | 199/91 | NA | 6.2 | Laparoscopic | DG; TG | Yes | any R | D1 + or less/D2 | NA | NA | NA |
Lim,2020 [33] | Korea | Observational | 499 (111:388) | 2010–2017 | 353/146 | 62.2 ± 12.0 | NA | Open/laparoscopic | TG | Yes | NA | D1 + /D2 | I–IV | Usually 4 or 5 days after surgery | NA |
Liu, 2021 [34] | China | Observational | 84 (42:42) | 2018–2019 | 60/24 | NA | 7.0 | Laparoscopic | DG | NA | NA | NA | I–III | NA | NA |
Muduly, 2022 [21] | India | RCT | 108 (54:54) | NA | 77/31 | 56.4 ± 11.3 | 32.4 | NA | DG; PG; STG; TG | NA | R0 | D2 | I–IV | Drainage was clear and less than 200 ml | NA |