Table 2 Characteristics of the perioperative periods in four groups

No. of patients

32

61

100

45

Mean surgery time (min)

182.31 ± 55.75

184.34 ± 35.31

212.32 ± 57.13

139.11 ± 36.54

 < 0.001

Intraoperative blood loss (ml)

712.50 ± 407.59

224.43 ± 191.89

109.80 ± 92.98

216.67 ± 176.78

 < 0.001

Postoperative hospital stays (day)

13.88 ± 4.41

12.26 ± 6.39

11.70 ± 4.84

11.51 + 3.29

0.150

Postoperative exhaust time (day)

2.28 ± 0.77

1.85 ± 0.70

2.11 ± 0.62

1.96 ± 0.60

0.013

Healthcare cost (× 10⁴, CNY)

4.54 ± 1.21

3.73 ± 1.41

6.66 ± 1.32

3.12 ± 1.09

 < 0.001

No. of lymph nodes

22.91 ± 9.74

23.59 ± 9.22

23.69 ± 10.17

21.87 ± 8.64

0.739

No. of positive lymph nodes

0.03 ± 0.18

0.21 ± 1.54

0.37 ± 1.35

0.13 ± 0.46

0.467

Resected length of the vagina (cm)

1.83 ± 0.83

1.89 ± 0.70

1.61 ± 0.68

1.72 ± 0.74

0.094