Fig. 7

Elevated CD73 expression of malignant cells in response to immunotherapy. A Twelve ICC biopsies from 10 patients were divided into 2 groups according to biopsy time points. Biopsies collected at baseline were denoted as B-ICC, and those treated with ICBs (PD-1 or PD-L1/CTLA-4) were referred to as T-ICC. t-SNE plots showing the identification of 5229 single cells colored by sample origin (B), cell types (C), and cell origins from B-ICC or T-ICC (D). E Volcano plot showing the differentially expressed genes of malignant cells between B-ICC and T-ICC. F Violin plot showing the comparison of CD73/NT5E expression level in malignant cells between B-ICC and T-ICC samples. ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; tSNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding