Table 3 Detailed information about type, severity, and distribution of complications across different organ systems

Gastrointestinal

126 (26.9)

145 (27.8)

  Ileus (paralytic)

1

Conservative

19 (4)

20 (3.8)

2

Replacement of nasogastric tube

12 (2.5)

17 (3.2)

3b

Laparotomy

6 (1.2)

13 (2.4)

  Small bowel obstruction (mechanical)

3b

Laparotomy

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

  Constipation

1

Conservative

14 (2.9)

15 (2.8)

  GIS bleeding

2

Blood transfusion

6 (1.2)

6 (1.1)

  Emesis

1

Conservative

53 (11.3)

57 (10.9)

  Anastomotic bowel leakage

3b

Laparotomy

4 (0.8)

4 (0.7)

  Diarrhea

1

Conservative

10 (2.1)

11 (2.1)

Infectious

56 (11.9)

65 (12.4)

  Fever of unknown

2

Conservative

26 (5.5)

28 (5.3)

  Lower urinary tract infection

2

Antibiotic treatment

16 (3.4)

17 (3.2)

  Abscess

2

Antibiotic treatment

4 (0.8)

5 (0.9)

3a

Incision and drainage

2 (0.4)

4 (0.7)

3b

Incision and drainage (under general anesthesia)

1 (0.2)

3 (0.5)

  Sepsis

2

Antibiotic treatment

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

4b

Multiorgan dysfunction

3 (0.6)

4 (0.7)

  Pyelonephritis

2

Antibiotic treatment

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

  Cholecystitis

3b

Cholecystectomy

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Wound

24 (5.1)

26 (4.9)

  Wound seroma

1

Conservative

6 (1.2)

7 (1.3)

  Wound dehiscence (fascia intact)

2

Antibiotic treatment and saturation under local anesthesia

6 (1.2)

7 (1.3)

  Evisceration

3b

Secondary surgical closure

12 (2.5)

12 (2.2)

Genitourinary

52 (10.9)

63 (12)

  Acute kidney injury

1

Conservative

40 (8.4)

50 (9.4)

4a

Dialysis

5 (1)

5 (0.9)

  Urinary leak/urinoma

3b

Ureteral reimplantation

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

  Incisional hernia

3b

Laparotomy and surgical revision

3 (0.6)

3 (0.5)

  Urostomy ischemia

1

Conservative

0

1(0.1)

3b

Laparotomy

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

  Hematuria

1

Conservative

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

Cardiac

20 (4.2)

20 (3.8)

  Arrythmia

2

Conservative, medical treatments

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

  Myocardial infarction

4a

Coronary angiography stent

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

  Hypertension

2

Medical treatment

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

  Angina

1

Conservative

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

  Hypotension

2

Medical treatment

12 (2.5)

12 (2.3)

Pulmonary

23 (4.9)

23 (4.4)

  Pneumonia

2

Antibiotic

4 (0.8)

4 (0.7)

  Dyspnea

1

Oxygen treatment

19 (4)

19 (3.6)

Bleeding

23 (4.9)

28 (5.3)

  Anemia req. transfusion

2

Blood transfusion

23 (4.9)

28 (5.3)

Thromboembolic

7 (1.4)

9 (1.7)

  Deep vein thrombosis

2

Anticoagulants

6 (1.2)

8 (1.5)

  Pulmonary emboli

2

Anticoagulants

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Neurological

19 (4)

20 (3.8)

  CVA-TIA

2

Antiplatelet/anticoagulant

10 (2.1)

11 (2.1)

  Delirium

2

Antipsychotic

9 (1.9)

9 (1.7)

Miscellaneous

111 (23.7)

113 (21.6)

  Prolonged lymphatic drainage (> 11 days)

1

Conservative — clinical observation

111 (23.7)

113 (21.6)

Death

6 (1.2)

9 (1.7)

  Sepsis

5

1 (0.2)

3 (0.5)

  Acute kidney failure

5

0

1 (0.1)

  Ventricular fibrillation

5

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

  Disseminated Intravascular coagulation

5

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

  Electrolyte disorders

5

2 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

  Aspiration pneumonia

5

1 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Total

467 (100)

521 (100)