Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics, examination/diagnostic factors, and pathology among the diagnostic groups

Variables	Overall	US	MG		P^a
Variables	N = 272	US-CNB (n = 200)	MG-VAB (n = 31)	WLSB (n = 41)
Patient characteristics
Age	272				0.16
<50 years		81	7	16
≥50 years		119	24	25
BMI	269				0.13
<23.5		131	15	24
≥23.5		66	16	17
Previous history of breast cancer	272				1
No		180	28	37
Yes		20	3	4
Family history of breast cancer	248				0.46
No		144	19	31
Yes		40	8	6
Lesion side	272				0.69
Left		99	18	21
Right		101	13	20
Diagnostic/examination factors
Initial detection method	272				< 0.001
Screening imaging		100	30	41
Palpated by the patient		84	0	0
Nipple discharge		16	1	0
Palpability (by surgeon)	272				< 0.001
No		91	31	41
Yes		109	0	0
Lesion under US	261				< 0.001
Not detectable		0	26	32
Detectable		200	1	2
MG BI-RADS category^b	210				0.005
1, 2, or 3		20	1	0
0, 4, or 5		118	30	41
MG mass or architectural distortion	207				< 0.001
No		87	29	31
Yes		53	0	7
DCIS-associated factors (at biopsy)
DCIS grade	206				0.26
Low		21	8	6
Intermediate		58	13	15
High		66	8	11
Suspicion of microinvasion	261				0.03
No		173	31	40
Yes		17	0	0
ER	217				0.005
Negative		52	3	3
Positive		108	20	31
Definitive surgery type	272				< 0.001
Breast conserving surgery		92	22	37
Mastectomy		108	9	4
Diagnosis at definitive surgery	272				< 0.001
DCIS		59	28	39
Invasive cancer (upstage %)		141 (70.5)	3 (9.7)	2 (4.9)

Abbreviations: ER estrogen receptor, US-CNB ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy, MG-VAB mammography-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy, WLSB wire localized surgical biopsy, US ultrasound, MG mammogram, BI-RADS The Breast Imaging and Data System, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, BMI body mass index
^aPearson’s chi-square test applied to the US and MG groups
^bExcluded patients who underwent MG after US-CNB-proven DCIS (BI-RADS “6”)

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