Fig. 8
From: Posterior intercostal flap: an anatomical study and best flap design
a A diagrammatic illustrations of the 3 perforator zones is shown on the right side: medial zone (M), intermediate zone (I), and lateral zone (L). Note the relatively bloodless line over erector spinae (Es). On the left side, note the direction of the perforators in the medial back zone and the possible flap design. b A diagrammatic illustrations of the 3 perforator zones is shown on the right side: medial zone (M), intermediate zone (I), and lateral zone (L). Note the relatively bloodless line over erector spinae (Es). On the left side, note the direction of the perforators in the intermediate back zone and the possible flap design. c A diagrammatic illustrations of the 3 perforator zones is shown on the right side: medial zone (M), intermediate zone (I), and lateral zone (L). Note the relatively bloodless line over erector spinae (Es). On the left side, note the direction of the perforators in the lateral back zone and the possible flap design