Table 1 The basic characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
Author | Country | Year | Case timing | n (Control group) | n (PVR) | n (HAR) | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nimura et al. [18] | Japan | 2000 | 1977–1997 | 99 | 43 | – | 6 |
Muñoz et al. [19] | USA | 2002 | 1990–2001 | 18 | 10 | – | 7 |
Ebata et al. [9] | Japan | 2003 | 1979–2000 | 98 | 47 | – | 7 |
Miyazaki et al. [10] | Japan | 2007 | 1981–2004 | 118 | 34 | 9 | 7 |
Igami et al. [11] | Japan | 2010 | 2001–2008 | 176 | 69 | 53 | 6 |
Hemming et al. [20] | USA | 2011 | 1990–2010 | 53 | 42 | – | 6 |
de Jong et al. [21] | Multiple countriesa | 2012 | 1984–2010 | 173 | 51 | – | 7 |
Tamoto et al. [14] | Japan | 2014 | 2005–2009 | 13 | 36 | – | 7 |
Yu et al. [12] | China | 2014 | 1998–2010 | 174 | 25 | 47 | 8 |
Hoffmann et al. [22] | Germany | 2015 | 2001–2012 | 39 | 21 | – | 7 |
Wang et al. [15] | China | 2015 | 2005–2012 | 114 | 16 | 24 | 7 |
Peng et al. [7] | China | 2016 | 2005–2012 | 35 | – | 26 | 6 |
Nakanishi et al. [23] | Japan | 2016 | 1998–2015 | 74 | 94 | – | 5 |
Noji et al. [24] | Japan | 2016 | 2000–2015 | 181 | – | 28 | 5 |
Dumitraşcu et al. [25] | Romania | 2017 | 1996–2014 | 102 | 21 | – | 6 |
Schimizzi et al. [13] | USA | 2018 | 1998–2015 | 169 | 19 | 12 | 5 |
Mizuno et al. [26] | Japan | 2020 | 2001–2018 | 484 | 157 | 146 | 7 |