Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with overall survival (n = 329)

Age (≥ 65 years) (n/%)

2.610 (1.407–4.841)

0.002

2.452 (1.294–4.647)

0.006

Male (n/%)

1.074 (0.613–1.884)

0.802

Smoking history (n/%)

0.731 (0.343–1.559)

0.418

Drinking history (n/%)

0.408 (0.127–1.312)

0.132

Diabetes (n/%)

1.086 (0.568–2.079)

0.803

Hypertension (n/%)

1.050 (0.589–1.871)

0.868

CHD (n/%)

0.048 (0.000–240.451)

0.485

ASA class (II)

1.409 (0.193–10.280)

0.735

ASA class (III)

2.337 (0.306–17.872)

0.414

BMI < 25.0 kg/m²

3.533 (1.271–9.816)

0.015

3.516 (1.076–11.492)

0.037

CA-199 (U/ml)

1.000 (1.000–1.001)

0.202

CEA (ng/ml)

0.965 (0.900–1.034)

0.309

CRP (mg/L)

1.009 (1.000–1.018)

0.063

1.001 (1.002–1.020)

0.012

HbA1c (%)

0.911 (0.713–1.165)

0.458

ALT (U/L)

1.000 (0.999–1.002)

0.822

TB (μmol/L)

1.000 (0.999–1.001)

0.599

Albumin < 35 g/L

0.864 (0.472–1.584)

0.637

 PD (n/%)

1.135 (0.641–2.009)

0.664

 Open operation (n/%)

1.133 (0.407–3.150)

0.811

 Estimated blood loss (ml)

1.000 (0.999–1.001)

0.571

 Transfusion (n/%)

1.630 (0.899–2.958)

0.108

Cancer stage (n/%)

0.029

0.297

 Cancer stage (I)

1.000

1.000

 Cancer stage (II)

2.618 (1.287–5.328)

0.008

1.852 (0.848–4.044)

0.122

 Cancer stage (III)

2.110 (0.832–5.351)

0.116

1.493 (0.510–4.368)

0.464

Location (n/%)

0.020

0.075

 Pancreas

1.000

1.000

 Ampulla of Vater

0.182 (0.025–1.318)

0.092

0.229 (0.031–1.697)

0.149

 Duodenum

0.371 (0.115–1.200)

0.098

0.328 (0.075–1.448)

0.141

 Common bile duct

0.109 (0.015–0.788)

0.028

0.145 (0.019–1.102)

0.062