Table 2 Surgical outcomes of study participants (n = 329)
Variables | Total (n = 329) | Group 1 (n = 258) | Group 2 (n = 71) | P-value | Group I (n = 89) | Group II (n = 240) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operation type (n/%) | 0.933 | Â | Â | 0.753 | |||
 Open | 302 (91.8) | 237 (91.9) | 65 (91.5) | 81 (91.0) | 221 (92.1) | ||
 Laparoscopy | 27 (8.2) | 21 (8.1) | 6 (8.5) | 8 (9.0) | 19 (7.9) | ||
Surgical type (n/%) | 0.935 | Â | Â | 0.076 | |||
 PD | 196 (59.6) | 154 (59.7) | 42 (59.2) | 46 (51.7) | 150 (62.5) | ||
 PPPD | 133 (40.4) | 104 (40.3) | 29 (40.8) | 43 (48.3) | 90 (37.5) | ||
Operation time (min) | 255.0 (210.0–307.8) | 245.0 (207.0–305.5) | 270.0 (240.0–316.0) | 0.028 | 245.0 (212.5–305.0) | 255.0 (210.0–308.0) | 0.686 |
Estimated blood loss (ml) | 200.0 (200.0–400.0) | 200.0 (200.0–400.0) | 200.0 (150.0–400.0) | 0.667 | 200.0 (162.5–300.0) | 200.0 (200.0–400.0) | 0.118 |
Transfusion (n/%) | 68 (21.4) | 53 (21.1) | 15 (22.4) | 0.821 | 19 (22.1) | 49 (21.1) | 0.851 |
Hospital LOS (days) | 19.0 (15.0–27.0) | 18.3 (14.0–27.0) | 20.0 (15.5–29.0) | 0.197 | 20.0 (15.0–28.0) | 19.0 (14.3–27.0) | 0.622 |
Postoperative LOS (days) | 14.0 (10.0–21.0) | 13.5 (10.0–20.3) | 14.0 (11.0–25.0) | 0.206 | 14.0 (10.0–21.0) | 14.0 (10.0–21.0) | 0.983 |
Major complication (n/%) | 131 (39.8) | 100 (38.8) | 31 (43.7) | 0.455 | 41 (46.1) | 90 (37.5) | 0.158 |
DGE (n/%) | 52 (15.8) | 41 (15.9) | 11 (15.5) | 0.935 | 16 (18.0) | 36 (15.0) | 0.511 |
Pancreatic fistula (n/%) | 61 (18.5) | 42 (16.3) | 19 (26.8) | 0.044 | 16 (18.0) | 45 (18.8) | 0.873 |
Biliary leakage (n/%) | 7 (2.1) | 5 (1.9) | 2 (2.8) | 0.647 | 8 (3.3) | 8 (3.3) | 8(3.3) |
Chyle leakage (n/%) | 6 (1.8) | 5 (1.9) | 1 (1.4) | 1.000 | 1 (1.1) | 5 (2.1) | 1.000 |
Hemorrhage (n/%) | 16 (4.9) | 12 (4.7) | 4 (5.6) | 0.756 | 8 (9.0) | 8 (3.3) | 0.034 |
Wound infection (n/%) | 13 (4.0) | 12 (4.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.313 | 4 (4.5) | 9 (3.8) | 0.754 |
Abdominal infection (n/%) | 41 (12.5) | 31 (12.0) | 10 (14.1) | 0.640 | 11 (12.4) | 30 (12.5) | 0.973 |
90-day readmission (n/%) | 18 (5.5) | 13 (5.0) | 5 (7.1) | 0.553 | 7 (7.9) | 11 (4.6) | 0.277 |
Reoperation (n/%) | 7 (2.1) | 7 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.353 | 3 (3.4) | 4 (1.7) | 0.393 |