Table 1 Preoperative information, intraoperative events and PHLF of patients in the training cohort (n = 343), internal validation cohort (n = 171), and external validation cohort (n = 97)
Variables | Training cohort (n = 343) | Internal validation cohort (n = 171) | External validation cohort (n = 97) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56 (12.0) | 54 (11.5) | 51 (13.9) | |
Sex | Male | 298 (86.9) | 150 (87.7) | 81 (83.5) |
Female | 45 (13.1) | 21 (12.3) | 16 (16.5) | |
Albumin, g/L | 40.6 (24.0–53.0) | 38.0 (26.5–49.1) | 41.2 (25.0–48.7) | |
Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 12.4 (3.1–109.4) | 13.6 (5.5–37.2) | 12.0 (4.7–51.4) | |
ALT, U/L | 32.4 (5.2–351.0) | 31.0 (5.0–144.0) | 32.4 (7.2–334.0) | |
AST, U/L | 41.1 (13.0–251.4) | 45.0 (14.0–599.0) | 38.0 (10.4–308.0) | |
γ-GT, U/L | 102.0 (16.0–1330.0) | 94.0 (26.0–969.0) | 93.0 (14.0–698.0) | |
PT, s | 12.2 (9.4–19.0) | 12.8 (10.9–18.0) | 12.0 (10.1–15.2) | |
INR | 1.08 (0.86–1.68) | 1.04 (0.86–1.60) | 1.07 (0.91–1.34) | |
Hilar occlusion, min | 22 (0–79) | 18 (0–96) | 25 (0–90) | |
Intraoperative blood loss, ml | 300 (20–4000) | 650 (100–8850) | 200 (20–2500) | |
Extent of resection | Major | 308 (89.8) | 158 (92.3) | 87 (89.7) |
Minor | 35 (10.2) | 13 (7.6) | 10 (10.3) | |
Type of hepatectomy | Laparoscopic | 5 (1.5) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) |
Open | 338 (98.5) | 169 (98.8) | 97 (100.0) | |
Cirrhosis | Yes | 250 (72.9) | 115 (67.3) | 86 (88.7) |
No | 93 (27.1) | 56 (32.7) | 11 (11.3) | |
HBsAg | Positive | 241 (70.3) | 127 (74.3) | 75 (77.3) |
Negative | 102 (29.7) | 44 (25.7) | 22 (22.7) | |
HBeAg | Positive | 48 (14.0) | 29 (17.0) | 11 (11.3) |
Negative | 295 (86.0) | 142 (83.0) | 86 (88.7) | |
HBV DNA | Positive | 213 (62.1) | 104 (60.8) | 65 (67.0) |
Negative | 130 (37.9) | 67 (39.2) | 32 (33.0) | |
No. of tumors | Single | 191 (55.7) | 103 (60.2) | 66 (68.0) |
Multiple | 152 (44.3) | 68 (39.8) | 31 (32.0) | |
BCLC stage | A | 151 (44.0) | 59 (34.5) | 44 (45.4) |
B | 74 (21.6) | 28 (16.4) | 19 (19.6) | |
C | 118 (34.4) | 84 (49.1) | 34 (35.1) | |
AFP, ng/mL | < 20 | 118 (34.4) | 53 (31.0) | 29 (29.9) |
20–400 | 76 (22.2) | 41 (24.0) | 17 (17.5) | |
> 400 | 149 (43.3) | 77 (45.0) | 51 (52.6) | |
mALBI grade | 1 | 233 (67.9) | 120 (70.2) | 36 (37.1) |
2a | 75 (21.9) | 41 (24.0) | 40 (41.2) | |
2b | 35 (10.2) | 10 (5.8) | 21 (21.6) | |
Child–Pugh scores | A | 327 (95.3) | 166 (97.1) | 91 (93.8) |
B | 16 (4.7) | 5 (2.9) | 6 (6.2) | |
PHLF, grade B–C | Yes | 52 (15.2) | 22 (12.9) | 23 (23.7) |
No | 291 (84.8) | 149 (87.1) | 74 (76.3) | |