Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between true and false negatives in training group
True negative | False negative | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Patients number | 82 | 14 | |
Age (year) | 56.3 ± 12.8 | 64.7 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
Sex (male/female) | 47/35 | 7/7 | 0.610 |
Smoker | 34 | 5 | 0.686 |
Imaging feature | |||
Size (mm) | 18.5 ± 5.8 | 18.6 ± 5.2 | 0.989 |
Solid/sub-solid | 81/1 | 13/1 | 0.272 |
Spiculation | 38 | 9 | 0.214 |
Pleural retraction sign | 32 | 7 | 0.440 |
Cavity | 7 | 1 | 1.000 |
Calcification | 15 | 0 | 0.179 |
Enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymph nodule (≥ 10 mm) | 16 | 5 | 0.315 |
Emphysema | 17 | 3 | 1.000 |
Uptake in PET-CT (SUVmax ≥ 2.5) | 18 (n = 35)a | 3 (n = 8)a | 0.750 |
Nodule location | |||
Right lung/left lung | 41/41 | 7/7 | 1.000 |
Upper lobe/non-upper lobe | 39/43 | 6/8 | 0.744 |
Details of biopsy procedure | |||
Lesion — pleura distance (mm) | 15.5 ± 14.6 | 19.5 ± 14.5 | 0.340 |
Needle — pleura angle (degrees) | 69.0 ± 19.3 | 64.4 ± 24.5 | 0.420 |
Number of specimen | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.154 |
Pneumothorax | 12 | 3 | 0.803 |
Hemoptysis | 16 | 5 | 0.315 |
Tumor marker | |||
Abnormal CEA (normal: 0–5 ug/L) | 6 | 5 | 0.009 |
Abnormal Cyfra21-1 (normal: 0–3.3 ng/ml) | 7 | 2 | 0.852 |
Abnormal SCC (normal: 0–2.5 ug/L) | 1 | 3 | 0.009 |
Abnormal NSE (normal: 0–16.3 ng/ml) | 2 | 0 | 1.000 |
Pathological feature of biopsy | |||
Granulomatous inflammation | 45 | 1 | 0.001 |
Chronic inflammation with alveolar epithelial hyperplasia | 14 | 3 | 0.987 |