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Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of hazard ratios for death

From: Prognostic factors for elderly gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy

Valuables

n

MST (months)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR

(95%CI)

p

HR

(95%CI)

p

Age (year)

 ≥ 80, < 84

101

> 120

Reference

Reference

 ≥ 85, < 89

53

77.5

1.16

(0.68–1.96)

0.59

0.89

(0.49–1.65)

0.72

 ≥ 90

12

29.7

2.55

(1.30–5.00)

< 0.01

2.09

(0.87–5.03)

0.10

Sex

 Male

113

62.3

Reference

   

 Female

53

> 109

1.04

(0.63–1.71)

0.89

   

ECOG-PS

 0

81

85.9

Reference

Reference

 1

47

48.5

1.25

(0.71–2.21)

0.44

0.85

(0.44–1.65)

0.64

 2

28

28.7

1.74

(0.94–3.25)

0.08

1.54

(0.75–3.15)

0.24

 3

10

14.9

3.75

(1.62–8.67)

< 0.01

1.44

(0.47–4.38)

0.52

ASA-PS

 1,2

118

85.9

Reference

Reference

 3,4

47

20.8

2.60

(1.58–4.28)

< 0.01

2.30

(1.24–4.27)

< 0.01

PNI

 ≥ 45

77

> 120

Reference

Reference

 ≥ 40, < 45

35

77.5

1.52

(0.80–2.91)

0.20

1.82

(0.87–3.79)

0.11

 < 40

53

22.7

2.62

(1.54–4.45)

< 0.01

1.39

(0.68–2.86)

0.36

POSSUM physiological score

 ≥ 20, ≤ 29

99

79.2

Reference

Reference

 ≥ 30, ≤ 39

56

54.0

1.13

(0.68–1.88)

0.63

0.68

(0.38–1.20)

0.18

 ≥ 40

11

6.7

3.95

(1.89–8.24)

< 0.01

2.00

(0.78–5.16)

0.15

Cardiac signs and chest radiography signs

 No failure

34

70.2

Reference

 

 Diuretic, digoxin, antianginal or hypertensive therapy

61

55.6

1.06

(0.57–1.98)

0.85

   

 Peripheral edema, warfarin therapy, borderline cardiomegaly

60

74.1

1.03

(0.55–1.94)

0.93

   

 Raised jugular venous pressure, cardiomegaly

11

36.6

1.64

(0.63–4.27)

0.31

   

Respiratory history

 No dyspnea

69

51.2

Reference

 

 Dyspnea on exertion, mild COPD

75

86.7

0.69

(0.42–1.13)

0.14

   

 Limiting dyspnea, moderate COPD

9

29.7

2.18

(1.00–4.76)

0.05

   

 Dyspnea at rest, fibrosis or consolidation

13

24.3

2.13

(0.93–4.88)

0.07

   

Surgical approach

 Open

120

40.2

Reference

Reference

 Laparoscopic

46

85.9

0.45

(0.25–0.82)

< 0.01

1.58

(0.64–3.89)

0.32

Extent of gastrectomy

 Distala

105

85.9

Reference

Reference

 Totalb

37

20.8

2.40

(1.42–4.05)

< 0.01

2.17

(1.10–4.31)

0.03

 Proximal

11

29.3

2.31

(1.07–4.99)

0.03

4.05

(1.45–11.3)

< 0.01

 Local

13

> 97.6

0.79

(0.31–2.02)

0.62

0.08

(0.01–0.90)

0.04

Extent of lymphadenectomy

 ≥ D2

39

> 120

Reference

Reference

 D1+

73

77.5

1.20

(0.62–2.33)

0.58

1.42

(0.66–3.04)

0.37

 D1

37

22.4

2.56

(1.30–5.04)

< 0.01

2.00

(0.90–4.41)

0.09

 D0

17

62.3

1.13

(0.45–2.84)

0.80

12.4

(1.58–97.7)

0.02

Histological classification

 tub,pap

103

77.5

Reference

   

 pos,sig

50

28.6

1.63

(0.99–2.68)

0.05

   

 other

13

> 109

0.95

(0.38–2.41)

0.91

   

pStage

 I

71

85.9

Reference

Reference

 II

49

48.5

2.00

(1.09–3.67)

0.03

2.39

(1.03–5.56)

0.04

 III

33

20.8

3.16

(1.68–5.95)

< 0.01

3.03

(1.24–7.40)

0.02

 IV

13

6.1

9.93

(4.45–22.2)

< 0.01

5.44

(1.17–25.4)

0.03

Residual tumor

 R0

151

68.5

Reference

Reference

 R1

15

11.5

2.92

(1.48–5.73)

< 0.01

2.11

(0.48–9.40)

0.33

Postoperative complication ≥ CD II

 No

121

68.5

Reference

   

 Yes

45

44.8

1.46

(0.88–2.44)

0.14

   

Postoperative chemotherapy

 No

156

62.3

Reference

   

 Yes

10

> 83.4

1.37

(0.55–3.41)

0.50

   
  1. Cardiac signs and chest radiography signs and respiratory history are classified according to the POSSUM scoring system. Pathological findings are provided according the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma: 3rd English edition
  2. aDistal gastrectomy includes one case with subtotal resection of remnant stomach
  3. bTotal gastrectomy includes five cases with completion gastrectomy of remnant stomach
  4. MST median survival time, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ECOG-PS Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, ASA-PS American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, PNI Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index, POSSUM Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CD Clavien-Dindo