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Table 3 The Relationship of PC, PC Invasion, pT stage, SM, and different growth patterns

From: Histopathological validation of safe margin for nephron-sparing surgery based on individual tumor growth pattern

Growth pattern

SNP

MFP

IP

PC

Absent

17 (3.9%)

3(5.2%)

28 (43.8%)

Present

421 (96.1%)

55(94.8%)

36 (56.2%)

p value

<  0.001

PC invasion

Invasion (−)

325 (77.2%)

35(63.6%)

0 (0%)

Invasion (+)

90 (21.4%)

16(29.1%)

8 (22.2%)

Invasion (++)

6 (1.4%)

4(7.3%)

28 (77.8%)

p value

<  0.001

pT stage

T1a

436 (99.5%)

55(94.8%)

50 (78.1%)

T3a

2 (0.5%)

3(5.2%)

14 (21.9%)

p value

<  0.001

SM

(+)

0 (0%)

1(3.8%)

2 (5.9%)

(−)

89 (100%)

25(96.2%)

32 (94.1%)

p value

0.088

  1. PC Pseudocapsule, SNP A single nodular pattern, MFP A multinodular fusion pattern, IP An infiltration pattern; Invasion (−), PC intact and free from invasion; Invasion (+), PC with neoplastic infiltration on the parenchymal kidney with no invasion beyond it; Invasion (++), PC with neoplastic infiltration and invasion beyond it. pT Pathologic tumor, SM, Surgical margins