Table 1 Descriptive and univariable analyses
Descriptive analysis | Unadjusted analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality up to 2 years | Mortality within 2–5 years | ||||
n (%) | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Age (years)* | 83.24 (2.93) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) | 0.01 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.28 |
BMI* | 27.20 (4.04) | 1 (0.94, 1.06) | 0.99 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.03) | 0.40 |
BMI | |||||
≤ 25 | 101 (23.71) | Reference | Reference | ||
25–30 | 156 (36.62) | 0.96 (0.56, 1.67) | 0.89 | 0.97 (0.59, 1.58) | 0.90 |
> 30 | 72 (16.90) | 0.87 (0.44, 1.74) | 0.70 | 0.69 (0.36, 1.32) | 0.26 |
Smoking status | |||||
Non-smoker | 197 (55.49) | Reference | |||
Current smoker | 14 (3.94) | 0.67 (0.16, 2.75) | 0.57 | 0.48 (0.12, 1.97) | 0.31 |
Ex-smoker | 144 (40.56) | 1.38 (0.91, 2.10) | 0.13 | 1.20 (0.79, 1.81) | 0.39 |
Alcoholism | |||||
No | 315 (91.30) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 30 (8.70) | 1.86 (0.99, 3.49) | 0.06 | 1.19 (0.55, 2.58) | 0.65 |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||||
≤ 5 | 389 (91.31) | Reference | Reference | ||
> 5 | 37 (8.69) | 2.03 (1.13, 3.64) | 0.02 | 2.36 (1.26, 4.42) | 0.008 |
Haemoglobin at baseline (g/dl) and localisation | |||||
> 10 and rectum cancer | 93 (21.93) | 1.18 (0.69, 2.02) | 0.54 | 0.99 (0.60, 1.65) | 0.98 |
> 10 and colon cancer | 250 (58.96) | Reference | Reference | ||
≤ 10 and rectum cancer | 7 (1.65) | 1.69 (0.41, 6.96) | 0.47 | 0.68 (0.09, 4.9) | 0.70 |
≤ 10 and colon cancer | 74 (17.45) | 2.36 (1.46, 3.83) | 0.0001 | 1.44 (0.84, 2.48) | 0.19 |
Length of stay, days** | 11 (8-17) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.010 |
ASA | |||||
I, II, III | 380 (91.79) | Reference | Reference | ||
IV | 34 (8.21) | 2.28 (1.27, 4.11) | 0.006 | 1.24 (0.57, 2.67) | 0.58 |
Invasion: vascular, perineural, lymphatic | |||||
0, 1 | 374 (87.79) | Reference | Reference | ||
2, 3 | 52 (12.21) | 2.45 (1.25, 4.78) | < 0.001 | 1.88 (1.03, 3.44) | 0.04 |
Residual tumour classification | |||||
R0 | 376 (91.48) | Reference | Reference | ||
R1 | 19 (4.62) | 2.21 (0.96, 5.10) | 0.06 | 3.87 (1.79, 8.37) | < 0.001 |
R2 | 16 (3.89) | 11.15 (6.09, 20.40) | < 0.001 | 19.72 (4.63, 84.08) | < 0.001 |
TNM | |||||
0, I, II | 248 (58.77) | Reference | Reference | ||
III | 140 (33.18) | 2.24 (1.39, 3.59) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (0.85, 1.99) | 0.23 |
IV | 34 (8.06) | 6.55 (3.72, 11.53) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (0.70, 4.32) | 0.24 |
LODDS | |||||
Less than − 1.36 | 329 (82.66) | Reference | Reference | ||
(− 1.36, − 0.53] | 34 (8.54) | 2.96 (1.60, 5.43) | < 0.001 | 2.49 (1.32, 4.68) | 0.005 |
Greater than − 0.53 | 35 (8.79) | 4.73 (2.73, 8.21) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (0.86, 4.21) | 0.11 |
Recurrence of the tumour up to 1 year | |||||
No | 357 (87.71) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 50 (12.29) | 5.07 (3.28, 7.83) | < 0.001 | 2.31 (1.17, 4.60) | 0.02 |
Complications during admission | |||||
No | 187 (43.90) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 239 (56.10) | 1.48 (0.97, 2.25) | 0.07 | 1.22 (0.82, 1.81) | 0.34 |
Readmission within 30 days | |||||
No | 382 (91.39) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 36 (8.61) | 1.77 (0.97, 3.25) | 0.06 | 1.87 (0.99, 3.50) | 0.051 |
Pre-intervention radiotherapy | |||||
No | 390 (91.55) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 36 (8.45) | 0.44 (0.16, 1.21) | 0.11 | 0.55 (0.24, 1.26) | 0.16 |
Post-intervention radiotherapy | |||||
No | 416 (97.65) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 10 (2.35) | 1.32 (0.42, 4.15) | 0.64 | 0.43 (0.06, 3.11) | 0.41 |
Pre-intervention chemotherapy | |||||
No | 380 (93.83) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 25 (6.17) | 0.32 (0.08, 1.30) | 0.11 | 0.49 (0.18, 1.31) | 0.15 |
Post-intervention chemotherapy | |||||
No | 345 (58.19) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 60 (14.81) | 1.31 (0.76, 2.25) | 0.33 | 1.06 (0.60, 1.87) | 0.84 |
Age at baseline & radiotherapy treatment within the 2-year follow-up | |||||
< 85 years | 300 (70.42) | Reference | Reference | ||
85–89 years with no radiotherapy | 100 (23.47) | 1.61 (1.03, 2.53) | 0.04 | 1.69 (1.08, 2.63) | 0.02 |
85–89 years with radiotherapy or ≥ 90 years | 26 (6.10) | 1.28 (0.55, 2.96) | 0.57 | 0.81 (0.29, 2.22) | 0.68 |
Diagnosis tests performed within the first year of follow-up | |||||
No | 104 (24.41) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 322 (75.59) | 0.71 (0.44, 1.14) | 0.15 | 0.62 (0.39, 0.98) | 0.04 |
Any complication due to the treatment within the 2-year follow-up | |||||
No | 390 (91.55) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 36 (8.45) | 2.15 (1.21, 3.80) | 0.009 | 0.46 (0.24, 0.86) | 0.01 |
Colostomy closure within the 2-year follow-up period | |||||
No | 401 (94.13) | 1.56 (0.57, 4.26) | 0.38 | 2.57 (0.81, 8.10) | 0.11 |
Yes | 25 (5.87) | Reference | Reference | ||
Medical complications within the 2-year follow-up period | |||||
No | 219 (51.41) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 207 (48.59) | 1.47 (0.97, 2.21) | 0.07 | 1.84 (1.23, 2.75) | 0.003 |
Tumour recurrence within the 2-year follow-up period | |||||
No recurrence | 303 (82.11) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 66 (17.89) | 5.50 (3.22, 9.39) | < 0.001 | 3.16 (1.97, 5.04) | < 0.001 |
Readmissions within the 2-year follow-up period | |||||
No | 284 (69.78) | Reference | Reference | ||
Only at 1 year or at 2nd year after the surgical intervention | 105 (25.80) | 3.22 (2.09, 4.95) | < 0.001 | 1.43 (0.89, 2.29) | 0.14 |
At both measurements | 18 (4.42) | 4.14 (1.94, 8.83) | < 0.001 | 2.24 (0.90, 5.54) | 0.08 |