Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the study cohort undergoing distal pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma
Variables | nabs (n%) | Mean; Median (Range) | Missing values n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biometrics | Female gender | 48 (51.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Age (in years) | 65.0; 65.0 (41-84) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Preoperative Course | Initial symptoms | Epigastric pain | 64 (68.1) | 4 (4.3) | |
Weight loss | 37 (39.4) | ||||
Back pain | 19 (20.2) | ||||
Inappetence | 13 (13.8) | ||||
Nausea | 12 (12.8) | ||||
Vomiting | 6 (6.4) | ||||
Fatigue | 6 (6.4) | ||||
Others | 29 (30.9) | ||||
ASA score | 1 | 7 (7.4) | 16 (17.0) | ||
2 | 49 (52.1) | ||||
3 | 22 (23.4) | ||||
Diabetes | 20 (21.3) | 3 (3.2) | |||
Diagnostics | Hemoglobin (in g/dl) | 13.4; 13.3 (9.9-17.2) | 2 (2.1) | ||
Anemia | 14 (14.9) | ||||
Platelets (in 10³ per μl) | 237.85; 236 (56-551) | 2 (2.1) | |||
Elevated CA19-9 | 42 (44.7) | 31 (33.0) | |||
Elevated CEA | 19 (20.2) | 34 (36.2) | |||
CT scan | 82 (87.2) | 4 (4.3) | |||
MRI scan | 5 (5.3) | 4 (4.3) | |||
Ultrasound | 74 (78.7) | 13 (13.8) | |||
Preoperative hospital stay (in days) | 2.82; 2 (1-20) | 1 (1.1) | |||
Surgical details | Type of pancreatectomy | Distal | 85 (90.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
Subtotal | 9 (9.6) | ||||
Splenectomy | 93 (98.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Multivisceral resection | 47 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Including (partial) resection of | Liver | 12 (12.8) | |||
Large intestine | 12 (12.8) | ||||
Small intestine | 8 (8.5) | ||||
Stomach | 14 (14.9) | ||||
Kidney | 5 (5.3) | ||||
Adrenal gland | 13 (13.8) | ||||
Coeliac trunk | 5 (5.3) | ||||
Portal vein | 15 (16.0) | ||||
Intraoperative PRBC | 34 (36.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Intraoperative PRBC (n) | 1.34; 0 (0-24) | ||||
Intraoperative FFP | 15 (16.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Operation time (in minutes) | 165.62; 155 (68-360) | 2 (2.1) | |||
Histopathological results | Tumor localization | Tail | 42 (44.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Body | 40 (42.6) | ||||
Tail and body | 12 (12.8) | ||||
Including body | 52 (55.3) | ||||
Invasion of peripancreatic tissue | 78 (83.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
T staging | Tumor size (in cm) | 4.79; 4.5 (1.0-14.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
1 | 7 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | |||
2 | 37 (39.4) | ||||
3 | 45 (47.9) | ||||
4 | 5 (5.3) | ||||
T stage ≥ 3 | 50 (53.2) | ||||
Lymph node status | Lymph nodes (n total) | 11.86; 10 (1-36) | 3 (3.2) | ||
Lymph nodes (n positive) | 1.22; 0 (0-8) | ||||
Lymph node ratio (in %) | 11.68; 0 (0-100) | ||||
Lymph node ratio ≥ 20% | 24 (25.5) | ||||
N 0 stage | 49 (52.1) | 2 (2.1) | |||
N 1 stage | 34 (36.2) | ||||
N 2 stage | 9 (9.6) | ||||
≥ N 1 stage | 43 (45.7) | ||||
M 1 stage | 19 (20.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Grading | 1 | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
2 | 56 (59.6) | ||||
3 | 37 (39.4) | ||||
Resection margin | 0 | 61 (64.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
1 | 26 (27.7) | ||||
2 | 7 (7.4) | ||||
≥ R1 | 33 (35.1) | ||||
AJCC/UICC classification (8th ed.) | Ia | 6 (6.4) | 2 (2.1) | ||
Ib | 15 (16.0) | ||||
IIa | 16 (17.0) | ||||
IIb | 24 (25.5) | ||||
III | 12 (12.8) | ||||
IV | 19 (20.2) | ||||
≥ III | 31 (33.0) | ||||