Table 1 Risk of bias of studies included.
ROBINS-I | Yulong Cai | Timothy J. Kennedy | XuFeng Zhang | Jun-Jie Xiong | O. Farges | Karolina Maria Wronka | A. Ferrero | C.H.Su | S.Q.Li | Dario Ribero | R.W. parks | Sander Dinant | E.E. Hanafy | G. Ercolani | M.F. Gerhards | Dong Chen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias due to confounding | L | S | L | L | L | M | S | S | C | L | M | S | L | S | M | L |
Bias in selection of participants into the study | L | L | L | L | M | L | S | L | L | L | L | L | L | S | L | L |
Bias in measurement of interventions | L | L | L | L | M | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Bias due to departures from intended interventions | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | M | L |
Bias due to missing data | L | S | L | L | M | M | L | L | L | M | M | M | M | L | L | L |
Bias in measurement of outcomes | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Bias in selection of the reported results | L | M | L | L | L | L | M | S | M | M | L | S | L | M | S | M |
Overall | L | S | L | L | M | M | S | S | C | M | M | S | M | S | S | M |