Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of distant metastasis across different breast cancer subtype. Association of clinicopathological variables with distant metastasis were analyzed using multivariable binary logistic regression

Age (years)

≤ 40

1.414

0.892–2.242

0.140

2.118

1.028–4.367

0.042

1.112

0.235–5.347

0.885

1.278

0.229–3.030

0.782

1.340

0.565–3.174

0.507

> 40

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Menarche

≤ 12

1.099

0.753–1.605

0.624

1.059

0.583–1.924

0.850

2.222

0.645–7.633

0.205

1.005

0.363–2.782

0.993

1.857

0.893–3.862

0.098

> 12

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Menopause

≤ 50

0.814

0.614–1.078

0.151

0.902

0.590–1.378

0.466

1.098

0.441–2.734

0.840

0.396

0.170–0.923

0.032

0.997

0.578–1.720

0.991

> 50

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Parity

Nulliparity

1.329

0.699–2.527

0.385

0.685

0.259–1.815

0.447

3.541

0.262–47.87

0.111

4.100

0.545–30.823

0.170

1.989

0.588–6.724

0.268

Multiparity

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Breastfeeding

Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No

0.968

0.595–1.573

0.895

1.612

0.740–3.509

0.229

1.614

0.327–7.973

0.557

0.607

0.167–2.209

0.449

0.526

0.210–1.317

0.170

BMI

≥ 25

0.853

0.632–1.153

0.301

1.061

0.679–1.659

0.794

0.872

0.306–2.487

0.557

0.408

0.175–0.951

0.038

0.857

0.475–1.547

0.609

< 25

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Family history

Yes

0.944

0.656–1.395

0.785

1.126

0.624–2.030

0.694

3.514

0.933–10.638

0.065

0.842

0.323–2.193

0.724

1.046

0.526–1.317

0.170

No

Grade

I–II

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

III

1.096

0.754–1.594

0.631

0.986

0.573–1.697

0.961

1.578

0.396–6.296

0.578

1.545

0.488–4.892

0.459

1.182

0.562–2.486

0.660

Stage

I–II

III

1.220

0.702–2.119

0.481

1.284

0.579–2.072

0.569

1.244

0.161–9.635

0.769

0.837

0.165–4.248

0.830

0.917

0.282–2.982

0.885

Tumor size

≤ 5

> 5

0.938

0.664–1.325

0.938

0.719

0.436–1.186

0.719

2.372

0.664–8.474

0179

1.778

0.635–4.977

0.273

0.876

0.443–1.734

0.885

T

T1–3

T4

1.887

1.327–2.682

< 0.0001

2.485

1.432–4.313

0.001

2.550

0.814–7.991

0.108

1.778

0.635–4.977

0.273

1.642

0.846–3.189

0.143

N

N0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

N1–3

1.402

0.870–2.262

0.165

2.000

1.028–3.891

0.041

1.380

0.211–9.034

0.737

0.912

0.235–3.543

0.894

0.792

0.279–2.252

0.662

Chemotherapy

Anthracycline

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Anthracycline-taxane

0.785

0.656–0.941

0.009

0.680

0.426–0.968

0.045

0.570

0.241–1.347

0.200

0.859

0.539–1.369

0.523

0.724

0.505–1.037

0.078

Radiotherapy

Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No

1.244

0.815–1.897

0.312

0.869

0.452–1.672

0.674

1.515

0.385–5.694

0.553

1.428

0.338–6.036

0.055

0.643

0.279–1.483

0.300

Surgery

MRM

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

BCT

1.203

0.751–1.927

0.443

0.913

0.459–1.817

0.796

1.420

0.296–6.815

0.662

1.242

0.368–4.190

0.727

1.215

0.424–3.479

0.717