Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts
Variables | Training cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 596) | LNM(+) (n = 98) | LNM(−) (n = 498) | Overall (n = 227) | LNM(+) (n = 35) | LNM(−) (n = 192) | |
Age, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 60 years | 271 (45.5) | 44 (44.9) | 227 (45.6) | 104 (45.8) | 16 (15.7) | 88 (45.8) |
 ≥ 60 years | 325 (54.5) | 54 (55.1) | 271 (54.4) | 123 (54.2) | 19 (54.3) | 104 (54.2) |
BMI, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 18.5 kg/m2 | 39 (6.5) | 12 (12.2) | 27 (5.4) | 18 (7.9) | 1 (2.9) | 17 (8.9) |
 ≥ 18.5 kg/m2, < 25 kg/m2 | 373 (62.6) | 57 (58.2) | 316 (63.5) | 145 (63.9) | 26 (74.3) | 119 (62.0) |
 ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 184 (30.9) | 29 (29.6) | 155 (31.1) | 64 (28.2) | 8 (22.9) | 54 (29.2) |
Gender, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female | 179 (30.0) | 30 (30.6) | 149 (29.9) | 72 (31.7) | 8 (22.9) | 64 (33.3) |
 Male | 417 (70.0) | 68 (69.4) | 349 (70.1) | 115 (68.3) | 27 (77.1) | 128 (66.7) |
Tumor size level, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 2.20 cm | 390 (65.4) | 42 (42.9) | 348 (69.9) | 154 (67.8) | 20 (57.1) | 134 (69.8) |
 ≥ 2.20 cm | 206 (34.6) | 56 (57.1) | 150 (30.1) | 73 (32.2) | 15 (42.9) | 58 (30.2) |
Tumor location, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cardia | 69 (11.6) | 4 (4.1) | 65 (13.1) | 26 (11.5) | 0 (0) | 26 (13.5) |
 Corpus/fundus | 121 (20.3) | 24 (24.5) | 97 (19.5) | 48 (21.1) | 9 (25.7) | 39 (20.3) |
 Antrum/angularis/pylorus | 406 (68.1) | 70 (71.4) | 336 (67.4) | 153 (67.4) | 26 (74.3) | 127 (66.1) |
Macroscopic appearance, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Elevated type (I + IIa) | 113 (19.0) | 18 (18.4) | 95 (19.1) | 33 (14.5) | 3 (8.6) | 30 (15.6) |
 Flat type (IIb) | 201 (33.7) | 20 (20.4) | 181 (36.3) | 73 (32.2) | 7 (20.0) | 66 (34.4) |
 Depressed type (IIc + III) | 282 (47.3) | 60 (61.2) | 222 (44.6) | 121 (53.3) | 25 (71.4) | 96 (50.0) |
Histology differentiation, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Well | 58 (9.7) | 1 (1.0) | 57 (11.4) | 19 (8.4) | 1 (2.9) | 18 (9.4) |
 Moderate | 319 (53.5) | 42 (42.9) | 277 (55.6) | 127 (55.9) | 16 (45.7) | 111 (57.8) |
 Poorly | 219 (36.7) | 55 (56.1) | 164 (32.9) | 81 (35.7) | 18 (51.4) | 63 (32.8) |
Topo II, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative | 248 (41.6) | 46 (49.6) | 202 (40.6) | 88 (38.8) | 18 (51.4) | 70 (36.5) |
 Positive | 348 (58.4) | 52 (53.1) | 296 (59.4) | 139 (61.2) | 17 (48.6) | 122 (63.5) |
P53, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative | 353 (59.2) | 47 (48.0) | 306 (61.4) | 138 (60.8) | 14 (40.0) | 124 (64.6) |
 Positive | 342 (40.8) | 51 (52.0) | 192 (38.6) | 89 (39.2) | 21 (60.0) | 68 (35.4) |
Ki67, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative | 18 (3.0) | 1 (1.0) | 17 (3.4) | 9 (4.0) | 1 (2.9) | 8 (4.2) |
 Positive | 578 (97.0) | 97 (99.0) | 481 (96.6) | 218 (96.0) | 34 (97.1) | 184 (95.8) |
CEA, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <5 ng/mL | 551 (92.4) | 86 (87.8) | 465 (93.4) | 210 (92.5) | 30 (85.7) | 180 (93.8) |
 ≥ 5 ng/mL | 45 (7.6) | 12 (12.2) | 33 (6.6) | 17 (7.5) | 5 (14.3) | 12 (6.3) |
CA19-9 level, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <36.78 U/mL | 570 (95.6) | 81 (82.7) | 489 (98.2) | 219 (96.5) | 29 (82.9) | 190 (99.0) |
 ≥ 36.78 U/mL | 26 (4.4) | 17 (17.3) | 9 (1.8) | 8 (3.5) | 6 (17.1) | 2 (1.0) |
CA72-4, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <9.8 U/mL | 502 (84.2) | 81 (82.7) | 421 (84.5) | 199 (87.7) | 29 (82.9) | 170 (88.5) |
 ≥ 9.8 U/mL | 94 (15.8) | 17 (17.3) | 77 (15.5) | 28 (12.3) | 6 (17.1) | 22 (11.5) |
CT-reported LN status, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative | 475 (79.7) | 60 (61.2) | 415 (83.3) | 184 (81.1) | 25 (71.4) | 159 (82.8) |
 Positive | 121 (20.3) | 38 (38.8) | 83 (16.7) | 43 (18.9) | 10 (28.6) | 33 (17.2) |
LN retrieved, mean ± SD, no. | 24.980 ± 7.803 | 26.163 ± 8.891 | 24.747 ± 7.559 | 25.282 ± 8.384 | 26.571 ± 9.172 | 25.047 ± 8.236 |