Local excision followed by early radical surgery in rectal cancer: long-term outcome

Table 2 Causes for early radical surgery following local excision of rectal cancer and residual cancer in resected specimen of 12 patients

Cause of early radical surgery		Residual tumor in rectal wall	Lymph node metastases
n	46	6*/46 (13%)	9*/46 (20%)
Positive resection
Margin**	11 (24%)	0	0
High-risk carcinoma	14 (30%)	0	3 (21%)
Positive resection
Margin and high-risk carcinoma**	21 (46%)	6* (29%)	6* (29%)
		p = 0.02	p = 0.055

*3 patients had residual tumor in rectal wall and involved nodes
**Incomplete resection (R1) or indeterminate or unsafe resection margin (minimal distance ≤ 1 mm)

ISSN: 1477-7819