Table 2 Perioperative comparison between minimally invasive and open surgeries

Age (years)

41.0 ± 13.5

35.3 ± 15.4

0.326

Gender (F:M)

11:2

11:1

0.588

Symptomatic (yes/no)

3/10

6/6

0.161

BMI (kg/m²)

22.8 ± 2.6

21.9 ± 2.5

0.380

Tumor size (cm)

2.6 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 1.8

0.004*

Preoperative stage

0.645

 Ia

4 (30.8%)

2 (16.7%)

 Ib

9 (69.2%)

10 (83.3%)

Operation

0.411

 PPPD

7 (53.8%)

9 (75%)

 CP

6 (46.2%)

3 (25%)

OR time (min)

417.2 ± 115.6

413.9 ± 132.4

0.949

Blood loss (mL)

277.7 ± 250.8

664.2 ± 512.4

0.024*

Need for transfusion (yes/no)

0/13

4/8

0.023*

Pancreas description (soft/hard)

13/0

12/0

Pancreatic duct size (mm)

1.15 ± 0.83

1.43 ± 1.2

0.496

Resection type

All R0

All R0

Hospital length of stay (days)

11.5 ± 5.3

27.4 ± 15.3

0.002*

Complication incidence

4 (30.8%)

9 (75%)

0.027*

POPF (grade A/grade B)

2 (15.4%)/2 (15.4%)

3 (25%)/1 (8.33%)

0.465