Table 1 Tumor, patient, and treatment-related characteristics. NT+S neoadjuvant treatment plus surgery, NT−S neoadjuvant treatment without surgery, IQR interquartile range, AC adenocarcinoma, SCC squamous cell carcinoma, nCRT neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, nCT neoadjuvant chemotherapy
|  | NT+S | NT−S | All | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 565 | 83.2% | 114 | 16.8% | 679 | Â |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 433 | 76.6% | 89 | 78.1% | 522 | 0.808 |
 Female | 132 | 23.4% | 25 | 21.9% | 157 | |
Age | ||||||
 Mean (range) | 61 (27–83) | 65 (32–86) | 62 (27–86) | 0.002 | ||
Time frame | ||||||
 Before 2011 | 274 | 48.5% | 62 | 54.4% | 336 | 0.148 |
 From 2011 | 291 | 51.5% | 52 | 45.6% | 343 | |
Histology | ||||||
 AC | 378 | 66.9% | 52 | 45.6% | 430 | < 0.0001 |
 SCC | 187 | 33.1% | 62 | 54.4% | 249 | |
Clinical stage | ||||||
 cT1 | 2 | 0.4% |  | 0.0% | 2 | 0.400 |
 cT2 | 55 | 9.8% | 7 | 6.1% | 62 | |
 cT3 | 433 | 77.1% | 87 | 76.3% | 520 | |
 cT3–4 | 38 | 6.8% | 14 | 12.3% | 50 | |
 cT4 | 33 | 5.9% | 6 | 5.3% | 45 | |
Clinical N | ||||||
 cN negative | 53 | 9.4% | 11 | 9.6% | 64 | 0.862 |
 cN positive | 512 | 90.6% | 103 | 90.4% | 615 | |
Type of treatment | ||||||
 nCRT | 491 | 86.9% | 93 | 81.6% | 584 | 0.140 |
 nCT | 74 | 13.1% | 21 | 18.4% | 95 | |