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Table 2 Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis of disease-specific survival (DSS) in white and black patients

From: Racial disparities of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: clinical behavior, treatments, and long-term outcomes

Variables

White patients

Black patients

aHR (95% CI)

P value*

aHR (95% CI)

P value*

Age at diagnosis (year)

 < 45

Reference

 

Reference

 

 ≥ 45

6.239(3.338,11.662)

P < 0.001

4.489(2.736,8.847)

0.007

Sex

 Male

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Female

0.749(0.606,0.927)

0.008

0.627(0.279,1.407)

0.258

Histologic type

 CPTC

Reference

 

Reference

 

 FVPTC

0.729(0.555,0.958)

0.023

0.991(0.397,2.472)

0.984

 FTC

1.797(1.294,2.498)

P < 0.001

0.747(0.224,2.485)

0.634

Therapy

 Lobectomy

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Total thyroidectomy

0.779(0.540,1.124)

0.182

0.884(0.255,3.062)

0.846

 Total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine

0.527(0.370,0.750)

P < 0.001

0.707(0.209)

2.391

Remove of lymph nodes

 0

Reference

 

Reference

 

 1–3

0.870(0.639,1.185)

0.377

2.213(0.798,6.136)

0.127

 ≥ 4

0.903(0.637,1.280)

0.567

4.107(1.321,12.764)

0.015

Stage

 I

Reference

 

Reference

 

 II

1.896(1.083,3.320)

0.025

0.112(0.005,2.455)

0.165

 III

1.598(1.018,2.512)

0.041

0.350(0.031,3.974)

0.397

 IV

7.799(4.568,13.317)

P < 0.001

0.302(0.021,4.404)

0.381

Tumor size (mm)

 ≤ 10

Reference

 

Reference

 

 11–20

1.102(0.742,1.638)

0.297

0.944(0.140,6.372)

0.953

 21–40

1.730(1.157,2.588)

0.008

7.525(0.578,28.028)

0.123

 > 40

3.751(2.524,5.574)

P < 0.001

21.166(1.746,46.636)

0.017

Tumor extension

 Intrathyroidal

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Minimal extrathyroidal

2.137(1.436,3.180)

P < 0.001

1.690(0.348,8.205)

0.515

 Gross extrathyroidal

3.571(2.630,4.847)

P < 0.001

2.938(1.104,7.818)

0.031

Lymph nodes metastases

 Negative

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Level VI

2.137(1.436,3.180)

0.017

1.551(0.429,5.600)

0.512

 Level I, II, III, IV, V, or VII

1.173(1.01717,1.684)

0.038

2.535(1.604,7.818)

0.035

Distant metastases

 None

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

4.961(3.710,6.634)

P < 0.001

15.021(3.652,62.452)

P < 0.001

Insurance status

 None

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Insured

0.680(0.301,1.539)

0.355

0.383(0.045,3.238)

0.378

 Any Medicaid

0.621(0.245,1.575)

0.315

2.054(.0235,17.921)

0.515

  1. aHR adjusted hazard ratio (adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, stage, tumor size, extension, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, insurance status and therapy), CI confidence interval
  2. *P values calculated by multivariate Cox analysis