Table 2 Clinical results of preoperative colonoscopic localization using carbon nanoparticles

Time to detect the tumor

4.81 ± 4.45

2.71 ± 2.13

6.91 ± 5.16

<0.001*

Blood loss

136.28 ± 33.68

125.04 ± 29.48

147.52 ± 34.35

0.013*

Operation time

160.74 ± 33.04

151.22 ± 30.66

170.26 ± 33.13

0.033*

Dissected lymph nodes number

11.69 ± 4.13

14.41 ± 3.32

8.96 ± 2.90

<0.001*

Dissected lymph nodes

0.014*

 ≥12

29

19 (70.37 %)

10 (37.04 %)

 <12

25

8 (29.63 %)

17 (62.96 %)

0.154

Lymph node metastasis

 Yes

19

12 (44.44 %)

7 (25.93 %)

 No

35

15 (55.56 %)

20 (74.07 %)

Postoperative complications

 Bleeding

2

1

1

 Infection

1

0

1

 Anastomotic leakage

2

1

1

 Intestinal obstruction

1

1

0

 Urinary complication

0

0

0

 Intractable fecal incontinence

0

0

0