Table 2 Operative findings and postoperative clinical course

Operation time (min)

284.3 ± 45.6 (230–380)

257.4 ± 47.2 (170–350)

213.8 ± 45.1(120–360)

221.4 ± 26.8 (180–280)

225.7 ± 49.6 (120–380)

Anastomotic time (min)

47.9 ± 17.1(25–90)

46.3 ± 10.8 (29–67)

23.1 ± 5.1 (13–45)

33.5 ± 7.7 (21–50)

30.0 ± 14.0 (13–90)

Blood loss (mL)

83.8 ± 35.2 (30–200)

87.6 ± 42.4 (30–200)

101.4 ± 69.5 (10–400)

94.7 ± 30.3 (50–150)

97.7 ± 62.2 (10–400)

Retrieved lymph nodes

32.9 ± 5.3 (24–45)

38.9 ± 13.4 (25–42)

32.6 ± 9.7 (9–81)

30.8 ± 8.4 (21–55)

33.2 ± 10.1 (9–81)

First flatus (days)

3.9 ± 1.1 (2–7)

3.7 ± 1.0 (2–6)

3.7 ± 1.2 (1–9)

3.3 ± 0.8 (2–5)

3.7 ± 1.1 (1–9)

Liquid diet (days)

5.1 ± 1.0 (3–7)

4.8 ± 1.2 (3–8)

4.7 ± 2.0 (2–18)

4.4 ± 0.9 (3–7)

4.7 ± 1.8 (2–18)

Soft diet (days)

6.5 ± 1.2 (4–11)

6.6 ± 1.5 (4–12)

6.6 ± 2.6 (3–20)

6.4 ± 1.2 (4–9)

6.6 ± 2.3 (3–20)

Postoperative hospital stay (days)

10.5 ± 2.5 (8–20)

9.4 ± 2.9 (6–22)

9.6 ± 3.4 (4–23)

9.3 ± 1.7 (7–13)

9.6 ± 3.2 (4–23)