From: Optimized total thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Optimized procedure (n = 30) | |
---|---|
Postoperative complications | 1 (3.3 %) |
Cervical anastomotic leakage | 1 (3.3 %) |
Chylothorax | 0 |
Tracheal fistula | 0 |
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury | 0 |
Atelectasis | 0 |