Localization of nonpalpable pulmonary nodules using CT-guided needle puncture

Table 5 Summary of localization procedures

Method	Advantage	Disadvantage	Ref.
CT-guided hookwire	Safe, fast	Chest wall pain, pneumothorax	[7, 13–15]
CT-guided hookwire	Low complication rate	Dislodgement	[7, 13–15]
CT-guided coil	Same as above	Lung parenchyma damage	[8]
CT-guided coil	Same as above	Coil migration	[8]
CT-guided barium spray	Same as above	Inflammatory reaction of tissue	[9–11]
Intraoperative ultrasound	Quick	Difficult for emphysematous lung	[12, 18, 19]
	More affordable	For lesion more than 1 cm
	Less invasive	Operator dependent
Methylene blue	Simple	Diffuse into surrounding lung	[19, 20]
Methylene blue	Inexpensive	Diffuse into surrounding lung	[19, 20]
Fluoroscopic-aided contrast medium	Adequate margins of resections on fluoroscopic imaging	Contrast allergy	[21–23]
		Radiation exposure
		Pneumothorax
Radio-guided thoracoscopic surgery	Real-time verifying stapled margin	Gamma ray detector	[24]
		Diffusion or pleural spillage
		Short half-life
Bronchoscopic metallic coil marking	Avoid pneumothorax, secondary hematoma, and the intravascular injection of substances originating in needling	Ultrathin bronchoscope	[25]
		C-arm use
		Metallic allergy
		Coil migration, cost
CT-guided puncture	No dye, radiotracer, or contrast medium	Cooperation with radiologist	This study
CT-guided puncture	No migration	Technique dependent	This study

ISSN: 1477-7819