Table 1 Anticancer agents and possible mechanisms for VTE [36,37]
From: Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: an underestimated major health problem
Anticancer or supportive agent | Presumed pathomechanism |
|---|---|
Fluorinated pyrimidines (5 fluorouracil, capecitabine, tegafur-uracil, S1) | Vasospasm, arterial, and venous thrombosis |
Cisplatin | Endothelial damage, Raynaud’s phenomenon, thrombosis (often combined with dexamethasone as an antiemetic) |
L-asparaginase | Alters plasma levels of procoagulants and anticoagulants (AT III, protein C, protein S) |
Tamoxifen | Alters plasma levels of coagulation factors |
Dexamethasone | Alters plasma levels of coagulation factors |
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents | Alters plasma levels of coagulation factors, increased tissue factor expression |
ImiDs (thalidomide, lenalidomide, etc.) | Endothelial damage, altered plasma levels of F. VIII, von Willebrand factor |