A longitudinal study of gender differences in quality of life among Japanese patients with lower rectal cancer treated with sphincter-saving surgery: a 1-year follow-up

Kinoshita, Yumiko; Chishaki, Akiko; Kawamoto, Rieko; Manabe, Tatsuya; Ueki, Takashi; Hirata, Keiji; Miyazono, Mami; Kanaoka, Maki; Tomioka, Akiko; Nakano, Masahiro; Ohkusa, Tomoko; Nakao, Hisako; Tanaka, Masao; Mibu, Ryuichi

doi:10.1186/s12957-015-0485-x

Table 2 EORTC QLQ-C30v3 scores by time and gender ( N = 75)

From: A longitudinal study of gender differences in quality of life among Japanese patients with lower rectal cancer treated with sphincter-saving surgery: a 1-year follow-up

Questionnaire time points
	Reference data General German population	Men ( n = 42)				Reference data General German population	Women ( n = 33)
		Before	Postoperative time (month)				Before	Postoperative time (month)			Main effect of time	η ² _p	Main effect of gender	η ² _p	Time-by-gender interaction	η ² _p
		(T0)	1 (T1)	6 (T2)	12 (T3)		(T0)	1 (T1)	6 (T2)	12 (T3)	(T0, T1, T2, T3)
	Men					Women
	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	P values		P values		P values
	SD	SD	SD	SD	SD	SD	SD	SD	SD	SD
EORTC QLQ-C30v3
Global health status/QOL	72.7	61.5	53.8	64.5	64.7	69.2	57.8	56.1	68.2	70.7	<0.001	0.099	0.566	0.005	0.411	0.013
	22.2	21.1	25.2	24.2	20.2	21.9	23.5	25.5	20.0	21.8	T1 < T2 T1 < T3*
Functional scales
Physical functioning	92.0	92.2	82.9	90.6	90.3	88.7	87.9	81.6	89.1	90.5	<0.001	0.122	0.447	0.008	0.584	0.008
	15.6	14.4	16.8	11.0	12.0	15.9	26.2	14.4	9.8	10.9	T0 > T1**
											T1 < T2 T1 < T3*
Role functioning	89.8	84.5	63.5	75.4	76.6	86.6	77.8	57.6	79.8	84.3	<0.001	0.209	0.997	0.000	0.060	0.036
	21.7	20.6	30.4	27.4	23.3	23.7	27.2	30.1	19.0	19.1	T0 > T1***
											T1 < T2* T1 < T3*
Emotional functioning	81.8	78.3	74.8	79.9	80.5	76.3	76.5	79.6	85.4	80.3	0.170	0.024	0.559	0.005	0.456	0.011
	18.8	20.6	25.3	19.9	18.8	22.2	18.3	24.6	14.1	23.7
Cognitive functioning	92.7	83.7	78.0	79.4	78.2	90.1	81.3	83.8	82.8	85.4	0.845	0.003	0.339	0.013	0.130	0.026
	15.0	17.8	23.0	18.3	20.3	18.4	19.9	18.4	18.8	17.1
Social functioning	92.0	77.8	65.3	73.4	73.4	90.3	77.3	68.7	82.3	85.9	<0.001	0.094	0.187	0.024	0.141	0.025
	18.3	27.2	29.9	24.7	23.9	20.1	25.3	25.2	20.4	20.0	T0 > T1*		At 12 months after surgery: men < women P = 0.030
											T1 < T2 T1 < T3		At 12 months after surgery: men < women P = 0.030
Symptom scales/items (#)
Fatigue	14.0	23.3	35.6	22.8	23.8	19.5	28.3	35.7	29.0	25.9	<0.001	0.090	0.290	0.015	0.632	0.007
	0.3	18.3	23.5	16.3	17.6	23.1	21.7	20.7	16.9	20.5	T0 < T1*
											T1 > T2** T1 > T3*
Nausea and vomiting	1.8	0.8	3.6	1.2	1.6	3.6	3.0	6.6	3.5	3.0	0.063	0.038	0.163	0.026	0.860	0.002
	7.6	3.6	10.8	4.3	6.2	11.4	8.8	18.1	10.0	7.7
Pain	13.0	14.7	26.2	16.3	17.1	17.2	20.2	18.7	16.2	11.6	0.064	0.035	0.649	0.003	0.148	0.025
	23.1	21.5	29.9	24.0	25.4	25.3	23.5	20.7	23.4	18.4
Dyspnea	6.9	12.2	8.1	8.1	7.3	9.1	9.1	7.1	6.1	10.1	0.455	0.012	0.784	0.001	0.616	0.080
	18.5	24.5	16.3	20.8	15.8	21.6	17.2	20.0	13.1	15.6
Insomnia	13.0	23.0	31.8	22.2	26.2	19.1	27.3	31.3	28.3	25.3	0.301	0.016	0.681	0.002	0.741	0.005
	24.4	29.9	31.2	32.7	35.0	29.0	29.4	35.3	30.2	23.6
Appetite loss	4.2	6.4	10.3	7.2	3.2	6.3	17.2	29.3	16.2	12.1	0.005	0.064	0.002	0.130	0.346	0.015
	14.0	13.3	26.6	18.8	9.9	17.4	27.8	35.1	27.8	20.1	T1 > T3**		Men < Women
Constipation	2.5	28.6	28.4	23.0	23.0	4.3	35.4	26.3	33.3	28.3	0.467	0.011	0.296	0.015	0.485	0.011
	11.8	32.6	30.9	29.9	32.5	14.9	36.3	27.3	25.0	22.3
Diarrhea	2.5	23.0	23.4	22.2	23.0	3.1	23.2	24.2	20.2	14.1	0.402	0.013	0.504	0.006	0.448	0.012
	10.4	25.0	26.3	21.7	22.7	12.6	22.8	25.4	26.3	18.7
Financial difficulties	5.5	17.5	28.8	19.8	22.2	6.3	13.1	24.2	15.2	16.2	0.007	0.057	0.336	0.013	0.989	<0.001
	17.8	29.7	26.4	25.6	30.1	18.6	24.9	33.6	23.7	26.5	T0 < T1* T1 > T2**

Higher scores on functional scales and overall QOL scale indicate higher levels of function. Higher scores on symptoms scales or single items (#) indicate higher levels of symptoms or problems.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

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