Figure 2

Schematic representation of the thoracoscopic three-port approach. Port I is a 12-mm blunt port at the seventh intercostal space (ICS) on the middle axillary line for the left-handed procedure. Port II is a 5-mm port at the fifth ICS on the middle axillary line for the right-handed procedure. Port III is a 5-mm port at the ninth ICS on the posterior axillary line for the insertion of a 5-mm-diameter flexible endoscope.