Table 1 Definition of Esophageal Motility Disorders

Aperistalsis

Absent or simultaneous contractions (<30 mmHg)

Ineffective esophageal motility

≥3 peristaltic contractions with failure of wave progression or failed peristalsis over a segment of the distal esophagus

Normal

Normal velocity

Normal peristaltic amplitude

≥7 peristaltic contractions with an intact wave progression (amplitude >30 mmHg)

Nutcracker esophagus

Average peristaltic amplitude >180 mmHg over pressure sensors 3 and 8 cm above LES

Isolated hypertensive LES

Basal LES pressure greater than 45 mmHg

Distal esophageal spasm (DES)

Contractile velocity >8 cm/s mmHg over pressure sensors 3 and 8 cm above LES in ≥ 2 swallows

Atypical disorders of LES relaxation

Abnormal LES relaxation, may have simultaneous or absent peristalsis

Achalasia

Abnormal LES relaxation

Absent or simultaneous contractions