Method | Description | Sensitivity for HGD | Resolution | FOV | Depth (â–¡m) | Cost | Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 quadrant biopsy | Random biopsies every 2 cm | ++ | + | ++++ | 1000 | +++ | +++ |
Chromoendoscopy | Dye enhanced mucosal view | +/- | ++ | ++++ | none | + | ++ |
High magnification endoscopy | Magnified view mucosal surface +/- acetic acid | +/- | +++ | + | none | ++ | +++ |
Light induced fluorescence | Endogenous fluorescence | +/- | + | ++++ | 200 | +++ | ++ |
Photodynamic diagnosis | Exogenous fluorescence | +/- | + | ++++ | 200 | +++ | +++ |
Elastic scattering endoscopy | Backscattered visible light from cellular microstructures | + | +++ | ++ | 1000 | + | + |
Optical coherence tomography | Backscattered infrared from cellular microstructures | +/- | +++ | ++ | 500 | ++++ | ++ |
High frequency ultrasound | Backscattered acoustic waves from cellular microstructures | +/- | ++ | ++ | 1000 | +++ | ++++ |
Confocal microscopy | Miniature microscope with subcellular resolution | ? | ++++ | + | 500 | ++ | ++ |