Table 3 Pooled risk estimates for the associations between carotenoids intake or blood carotenoids levels and bladder cancer risk
From: Vitamin A and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
Specific carotenoids | Number of studies | Pooled relative risk (95% CI) | Q-test for heterogeneity P value (I2score) |
|---|---|---|---|
Carotenoids intake | |||
Total carotenoids | 4 | 0.67 (0.55, 0.79) | 0.524 (0) |
α-carotene | 8 | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) | 0.221 (27.2%) |
β-carotene | 12 | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) | 0.084 (38.6%) |
β-cryptoxanthin | 6 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.00) | 0.427(0) |
Lutein/zeaxanthin | 6 | 0.93 (0.70, 1.17) | 0.035 (58.2%) |
Lycopene | 6 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.07) | 0.54 (0) |
Blood carotenoids level | |||
Total carotenoids | 2 | 0.43 (0.20, 0.93) | 0.241 (27.3%) |
α-carotene | 4 | 0.56 (0.37, 0.75) | 0.106 (51.0%) |
β-carotene | 4 | 0.41 (0.05, 0.78) | 0.013 (72.4%) |
β-cryptoxanthin | 4 | 0.62 (0.06, 1.19) | 0.027 (67.4%) |
Lutein/zeaxanthin | 4 | 0.50 (0.12, 0.87) | 0.056 (50.2%) |
Lycopene | 4 | 0.60 (0.17, 1.03) | 0.053 (61.0%) |