Table 2 Characteristics of all patients

Age

67.4 ± 1.36

67.3 ± 1.08

0.93

Sex

Male

57

79

0.17

Female

14

32

BMI

23.5 ± 0.4

22.6 ± 0.4

0.08

Pathological stage

0

1

8

 < 0.01

I

22

37

II

22

29

III

13

35

IV

13

2

Approach

Open

44

28

 < 0.01

Lap

27

45

Robotic

0

38

LN dissection

D1 + 

26

35

0.72

D2

44

75

D2 + 

1

1

Combined surgery

13

5

 < 0.01

GB

4

2

Spleen

7

3

Liver

1

0

Operation time (min)

347 ± 9.8

321 ± 9.4

0.03

Intraope blood loss (ml)

229 ± 20

73 ± 19

 < 0.01