Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the cohort before and after PSM

Age, median (IQR), year

65 (59–70)

65 (58–70)

66 (60–73)

0.533

66 (59–71)

66 (58–71)

66 (59–73)

0.721

Male, n (%)

81 (47.6)

60 (47.2)

21 (48.8)

0.857

52 (49.5)

35 (50.0)

17 (48.6)

0.890

BMI, median (IQR) (kg/m²)

22.2 (20.7–24.6)

22.6 (20.8–24.8)

21.9 (20.1–24.4)

0.299

22.6 (20.8–24.7)

23.0 (20.9–25.3)

21.8 (20.1–24.5)

0.172

Cirrhosis, n (%)

24 (14.1)

18 (14.2)

6 (14.0)

0.972

14 (13.3)

8 (11.4)

6 (17.1)

0.417

Hepatitis B, n (%)

31 (18.2)

22 (17.3)

9 (20.9)

0.597

18 (17.1)

10 (14.3)

8 (22.9)

0.272

ASA score, n (%)

0.105

0.333

 I

1 (0.6)

1 (0.7)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

1 (1.4)

0 (0)

 II

160 (94.1)

117 (92.1)

43 (100)

100 (95.2)

65 (92.9)

35 (100)

 III

9 (5.3)

9 (7.0)

0 (0)

4 (3.8)

4 (5.7)

0 (0)

TBIL > 26 µmol/L, n (%)

25 (15.0)

13 (10.5)

12 (27.9)

0.006

15 (14.3)

10 (14.3)

5 (14.3)

0.955

ALB < 40 g/L, n (%)

80 (47.9)

57 (46)

23 (53.5)

0.395

51 (48.6)

34 (48.6)

17 (48.6)

1.000

PT > 14.5 s, n (%)

20 (11.7)

15 (12.2)

5 (11.6)

0.974

10 (9.5)

7 (10.0)

3 (8.6)

0.814

PLT < 125 × 10^9/L

30 (17.6)

20 (15.7)

10 (23.3)

0.264

20 (19.0)

11 (15.7)

9 (25.7)

0.219

AFP > 8.78 ng/ml, n (%)

11 (6.7)

7 (5.7)

4 (9.8)

0.368

8 (7.6)

5 (7.1)

3 (8.6)

0.795

CEA > 5 ng/ml, n (%)

49 (29.9)

37 (30.1)

12 (29.3)

0.922

31 (29.5)

24 (34.3)

7 (20.0)

0.130

CA19-9 > 37 IU/ml, n (%)

107 (65.6)

77 (63.1)

30 (73.2)

0.241

62 (59.0)

40 (57.1)

22 (62.9)

0.575

CA12-5 > 35 U/ml, n (%)

42 (27.3)

28 (24.3)

14 (35.9)

0.162

35 (33.3)

23 (32.9)

12 (34.3)

0.884

Child–Pugh, n (%)

0.001

0.631

 A

155 (91.2)

121 (96.9)

34 (79.1)

102 (97.1)

68 (97.1)

34 (97.1)

 B

15 (8.8)

6 (3.1)

9 (20.9)

3 (2.9)

2 (2.8)

1 (2.8)

 C

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Anatomical liver resection, n (%)

131 (77.0)

100 (78.7)

31 (72.1)

0.370

79 (75.2)

55 (78.6)

24 (68.6)

0.263

Extent of resection, n (%)

0.322

0.571

 Local/wedge excision

26 (15.3)

15 (11.8)

11 (25.5)

0.030

20 (19.0)

10 (14.3)

10 (28.6)

0.332

 Segmentectomy

31 (18.2)

22 (17.3)

9 (20.9)

0.596

18 (17.1)

12 (17.1)

6 (17.1)

1.000

 Hemihepatectomy

84 (49.4)

69 (54.3)

15 (34.8)

0.027

50 (47.6)

38 (54.3)

12 (34.3)

0.053

 Extended hemihepatectomy

28 (16.5)

21 (16.5)

7 (16.2)

0.968

16 (15.2)

10 (14.3)

6 (17.1)

0.701

 NA

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (2.3)

0.085

1 (1.0)

0 (0)

1 (2.9)

0.155

Major sizes, median (IQR), cm

4.8 (3.5–6.5)

4.5 (3.5–6.0)

5.4 (3.1–7.5)

0.283

5.0 (3.7–6.5)

4.6 (3.9–6.1)

5.4 (3.1–7.5)

0.441

Multiple tumors, n (%)

31 (18.2)

21 (16.5)

10 (23.3)

0.323

13 (12.4)

7 (10.0)

6 (17.1)

0.295