Table 3 Subgroup analysis by age

 < 18

18– < 40

 > 40

P value

22 cases

114 cases

58 cases

Age (mean ± SD)

13.36 ± 2.17

29.25 ± 5.84

49.88 ± 7.01

Sex

Male

5

20

15

0.464

Female

17

94

43

Chief Complaint

Abdominal pain or discomfort

12

83

39

0.149

Asymptomatic

9

31

17

Others

1

0

2

Diabetes

Yes

0

1

5

0.031 ^*

Preoperative CA 19–9* (IQR) [U/mL]

8.06(5.01–11.65)

9.89(6.27–14.82)

11.32(6.70–16.40)

0.139

Preoperative CEA* (IQR) [g/L]

0.81(0.64–1.25)

1.04(0.70–1.64)

1.45(1.04–2.28)

0.114

Surgical procedure

PD/PPPD

4(18%)

19(17%)

13(22%)

0.046 ^*

DP

11(50%)

51(45%)

33(57%)

MSP

3(14%)

35(31%)

9(16%)

TP

1(5%)

0(0%)

0(0%)

Enucleation

3(14%)

9(8%)

3(5%)

Tumor size (mean ± SD) (cm)

6.28 ± 3.11

5.12 ± 3.00

4.58 ± 2.90

0.096

Margin

Positive

0

3

2

0.810

 < 1 mm

5

36

17

Negative

17

75

39

Ki-67

 < 3%

9

63

42

0.026 ^*

3–20%

12

41

14

 > 20%

1

0

1

Lymph node metastasis

0

2

1

1.000

Angioinvasion

Present

0

2

1

1.000

Nerve infiltration

Present

1

5

2

1.000