Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristic

194

132

62

Sex

Male

40

27

13

0.934

Female

154

105

49

Age (mean ± SD)

33.62 ± 13.14

34.49 ± 14.26

31.76 ± 10.19

0.177

Chief complaint

Abdominal pain or discomfort

57

39

18

0.617

Asymptomatic

134

90

44

Others

3

3

0

Diabetes

Yes

6

4

2

1.000

No

188

128

60

Alcohol

Yes

6

6

0

0.179

No

188

126

62

Smoking

Yes

8

8

0

0.057

No

186

124

62

Preoperative CA 19–9 (IQR) [U/mL]

9.73(6.35–15.27)

9.54(5.88–15.24)

10.71(6.89–15.36)

0.424

Preoperative CEA (IQR) [g/L]

1.13(0.76–1.75)

1.13(0.77–1.71)

1.10(0.69–1.78)

0.898

Surgical procedure

PD/PPPD

36

36

0

DP(KIMURA)

95

29

0

DP(WARSHAW)

18

DP(with splenectomy)

48

TP

1

1

0

Enucleation

15

0

15

MSP

47

0

47

Tumor Size (mean ± SD)(cm)

5.09 ± 3.01

5.66 ± 3.14

3.73 ± 2.16

0.000 ^*

Margin

Positive

5

3

2

0.001 ^*

 < 1 mm

58

50

8

Negative

131

79

52

Ki-67

 < 3%

114

77

37

0.743

3–20%

67

45

22

 > 20%

2

2

0

Lymph node metastasis

3

3

0

1.000

Lymph node detection (mean ± SD)

6.17 ± 5.38

7.15 ± 5.50

1.91 ± 1.07

0.000 ^*

Angioinvasion

Present

3

3

0

0.553

Nerve infiltration

Present

8

7

1

0.283