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Table 1 Safety comparison of different inactivation methods

From: ‘Triple clear’: a systematic and comprehensive surgical process for Campanacci grades II and III giant cell tumors of the bone, with or without pathological fracture and slight joint invasion

Method

Recurrence rate

Side effect

Safety

Phenol

11.5%-35.3%

Absorptive toxicity

 
  

Carcinogenicity

Medium

  

Damage to vessels and nerves

 
  

Joint complications

 

Absolute ethanol

9.5-11%

/

High

Electric knife

5.1%-33.3%

/

High

ABC*

16.6%

Postoperative fracture

 
  

Physeal arrests

Medium

  

Synovitis

 
  

Bursitis

 

Liquid nitrogen

7.5%-38%

Postoperative fracture

 
  

Skin necrosis

 
  

Infection

 
  

Transient nerve palsy

Low

  

Traumatic arthritis

 
  

Bone graft nonunion

 
  

Cryo-shock syndrome

 
  1. *ABC Argon Beam Coagulation