Table 4 Nipple-areola complex ischemia necrosis and/or skin flap necrosis in patients with preoperative breast MRI
Characteristics | Total (n = 270) | Nipple-areola complex ischemia necrosis | Nipple-areola complex ischemia necrosis or skin flap necrosis | ||||
Yes (n = 26) | No (n = 244) | p-value | Yes (n = 35) | No (n = 235) | p-value | ||
Skin incision | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||
Upper outer oblique (radial) | 66 (24.4) | 3 (11.5) | 63 (25.8) | 6 (9.1) | 60 (90.9) | ||
Peri-areolar | 74 (27.4) | 17 (65.4) | 57 (23.4) | 20 (27.0) | 54 (73.0) | ||
Single axillary | 126 (46.7) | 6 (23.1) | 120 (49.2) | 9 (7.1) | 117 (92.9) | ||
Infra-mammary + axillary | 4 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100.0) | ||
Blood supply (NA = 9) | 0.17 | 0.35 | |||||
Single | 47 (18.0) | 2 (8.0) | 45 (19.1) | 4 (12.1) | 43 (18.9) | ||
Dual | 214 (82.0) | 23 (92.0) | 191 (80.9) | 29 (87.9) | 185 (81.1) | ||
Blood supply (upper outer oblique) | 0.42 | 0.58 | |||||
Single | 11 (16.9) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (17.7) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (18.6) | ||
Dual | 54 (83.1) | 3 (100.0) | 51(82.3) | 6 (100.0) | 48 (81.4) | ||
Blood supply (peri-areolar) | 0.13 | 0.15 | |||||
Single | 21 (28.8) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) | 3 (15.8) | 18 (33.3) | ||
Dual | 52 (71.2) | 14 (26.9) | 51 (82.3) | 16 (84.2) | 36 (66.7) | ||
Blood supply (single axillary) | 1 | 1 | |||||
Single | 15 (12.6) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (13.3) | 1 (12.5) | 14 (12.6) | ||
Dual | 104 (87.4) | 6 (100.0) | 98 (86.7) | 7 (87.5) | 97 (87.4) | ||
Blood supply (infra-mammary + axillary) | - | - | |||||
Single | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 (0.0) | ||
Dual | 4 (100.0%) | 0 | 4 (100.0) | 0 | 4 (100.0) | ||
Blood diameter (NA = 9) | 0.03 | 0.15 | |||||
< 1 mm | 55 (21.1) | 1 (4.0) | 54 (22.9) | 3 (9.1) | 52 (22.8) | ||
= 1 mm | 45 (17.2) | 8 (32.0) | 37 (15.7) | 8 (24.2) | 37 (16.2) | ||
> 1 mm | 161 (61.7) | 16 (64.0) | 145 (61.4) | 22 (66.7) | 139 (61.0) | ||
Analyze the correlation between MRI vascular pattern and nipple-areola necrosis | |||||||
Nipple-areola complex ischemia necrosis | p-value | ||||||
Total (n = 261) | 0 (n = 218) | 1 (n = 18) | 2 (n = 22) | 3 (n = 3) | |||
Blood supply | 0.19 | ||||||
Single | 47 (18.0) | 39 (17.9) | 6 (33.3) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Dual | 214 (82.0) | 179 (82.1) | 12 (66.7) | 20 (90.9) | 3 (100.0) | ||
Blood diameter | 0.25 | ||||||
< 1 | 55 (21.1) | 51 (23.4) | 3 (16.7) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
= 1 | 45 (17.2) | 34 (15.6) | 3 (16.7) | 7 (31.8) | 1 (33.3) | ||
> 1 | 161 (61.7) | 133 (61.0) | 12 (66.7) | 14 (63.6) | 2 (66.7) | ||
Total 261 patients, excluding NAC ischemia grade 0 = 218 | |||||||
Excluding 2 cases whose detailed information could not be traced | |||||||
Analyze the correlation between MRI vascular patterns and blood loss | |||||||
Blood supply | p-value | ||||||
Total (n = 249) | Single (n = 44) | Dual (n = 205) | 0.49 | ||||
Blood loss total | 94.3 ± 80.1 | 101.9 ± 77.7 | 92.7 ± 80.7 | ||||
Blood diameter | |||||||
Total (n = 249) | < 1 (n = 52) | = 1 (n = 41) | > 1 (n = 156) | ||||
Blood loss total | 94.3 ± 80.1 | 81.1 ± 67.0 | 112.2 ± 100.3 | 94.0 ± 77.8 | 0.18 | ||